Proteins prevention

Single-strand binding proteins Prevent premature reannealing of dsDNA... 

Ferritin, an iron-binding protein, prevents ionized iron (Fe ) from reaching toxic levels within cells. Elemental iron stimulates ferritin synthesis by causing the release of a cytoplasmic protein that binds to a specific region in the 5 nontranslated region of ferritin mRNA. Disruption of this protein-mRNA interaction activates ferritin mRNA and results in its translation. This mechanism provides for rapid control of the synthesis of a protein that sequesters Fe +, a potentially toxic molecule. 

IL-13 KO mice failed to clear infection despite mounting equivalent type 2 cytokine responses to wild-type mice. Further evidence of a role for IL-13 in expulsion is shown in studies utilizing BALB/c IL-4 KO mice. While control mice cleared infection, treatment with A25 (a soluble IL-13 receptor alpha 2-human IgG-Fc fusion protein) prevented worm expulsion. (Data adapted from Bancroft et al., 1998 A.J. Bancroft, unpublished.)... 

Maintenance of organellar integrity Maintenance of ATP levels Maintenance of ion homeostasis Membrane surface blebbing Nuclear chromatin condensation/fragmentation Requires synthesis of death effector proteins Prevented by blocking steps in the death cascade Does not adversely affect neighbor cells... 

Strid, J., Hourihane, J., Kimber, I., Callard, R. and Strobel, S., Epicutaneous exposure to peanut proteins prevents oral tolerance and enhances allergic sensitization. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 35, 757, 2005. 

Fig. 4.3 (C) Deconvolution experiments for compound 5, performed as in (B). Round 0 spectra in (B) and (C) likely are more intense in the presence of protein than in its absence due to protein preventing compound binding to the ultrafiltration membrane. Included from [10] with permission from SAGE Publications.

As a surfactant, ICG exists predominantly in a monomeric form at low concentrations (< 5 pM) but rapidly aggregates at higher concentrations (100 pM) [132]. Although administration of low ICG concentrations is preferred for in vivo applications in order to avoid aggregation, the rapid binding of ICG to plasma proteins prevents intramolecular association in vivo and may favor the use more concentrated ICG samples, if needed. 

Their mechanism of action involves inhibition of the viral M2 protein, an integral membrane protein that acts as a H channel Blockade of the M2 protein prevents the acid-mediated dissociation of the ribonucleoprotein complex that occurs early in replication. In certain strains, the pH changes that result from M2 inhibition alter the conformation of hemagglutinin, hence inhibit viral assembly. 

Protein phosphatase I that has dissociated from glycogen may be inactivated by association with inhibitor proteins, preventing undesired dephosphorylation of proteins in the cytosol. The activity of inhibitor proteins may in turn be controlled by reversible phosphorylation. A hormone-induced activation of protein kinase A leads to phosphorylation of inhibitor protein 1 the phosphorylated form is the active form of the inhibitor. This mechanism ensures that stimulation of protein phosphorylation mediated by cAMP and protein kinase A is not weakened by an opposing dephosphorylation (Fig. 7.17). 

The complex of SNAREs and SNAP25 is the target of the powerful Clostridium, botulinum, toxin, a protease that cleaves specific bonds in these proteins, preventing neurotransmission and causing the death of the organism. Because of its very high specificity for these proteins, purified botulinum toxin has served as a powerful tool for dissecting the mechanism of neurotransmitter release in vivo and in vitro. 

An Inhibitory Protein Prevents ATP Hydrolysis during Ischemia... 

Cro Protein Prevents Buildup of cl Protein during the Lytic Cycle... 

Urine proteins Prevents precipitation of calcium oxalate ... 

These carriers provide sites at the transition metal centre for the reversible attachment of dioxygen. In simpler metal complexes these metals would be irreversibly oxidized by 02 to the thermodynamically favoured Fefn or Cu11 state. In some way, therefore, the protein prevents the irreversible oxidation of the metal centre. 

Zheng, X.X., Steele, A.W., Hancock, W.W., Stevens, A.C., Nickerson, P.W., Roy-Chaudhury, P., Tian, Y. and Strom, T.B. (1997) A noncytolytic IL-10/Fc fusion protein prevents diabetes, blocks autoimmunity, and promotes suppressor phenomena in NOD mice. J. Immunol, 158,4507-4513. 

Effects of Maillard Compounds on Platelet Aggregation Maillard reaction products of lysine-rich proteins prevent platelet aggregation, e.g., poly-L-lysine aggregates platelets, but upon Maillard reaction loses this ability (11). 

Hotta, M., Tashiro, F., Ikegami, H., Niwa, H., Ogihara, T., Yodoi, J. and Miyazaki, J. (1998). Pancreatic beta cell-specific expression of thioredoxin, an antioxidative and antiapoptotic protein, prevents autoimmune and Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1445-1451. 

Fuse N., Hitoshi M., Misako T., Shigeo H. (1999) Snail-type zinc finger proteins prevent neurogenesis in Scutoid and transgenic animals of Drosophila. Dev. Genes. Evol. 209, 573-580. 

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