Proteins biological regulation

A receptor is a surface membrane component, usually a protein, which regulates some biological event in response to reversible binding of a relatively small molecule40 . The precise three-dimensional structures of the binding sites of receptors still remain unknown today. Thus, this section mainly describes the correlation of shape similarity between the molecules which would bind to a given receptor with their biological activity. 

PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION IS OF FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE IN BIOLOGICAL REGULATION 391... 

Gandy, S. and Greengard, P. Processing of Alzheimer Ab-amloid precursor protein cell biology, regulation, and role in Alzheimer disease. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 35 29-50, 1994. 

Phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine side-chain OH groups of proteins by kinases and their dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases provides an important mechanism for biological regulation. Tyrosine phosphatases are not metalloenzymes but the serine/threonine phosphatases contain a bimetallic site. 

Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs Physiology/Medicine Reversible protein phosphorylation in biological regulation... 

Abstract Proteomics methods, such as activity-based protein profiling, can be used to connect proteins to biology and disease. Some proteins found through unbiased methods are not well characterized, which makes it difficult to ascertain the role of these proteins. Metabolomics approaches are useful in characterizing proteins that regulate or bind metabolites. Here, we provide examples of the development and use of metabolomics approaches to elucidate protein-metabolite interactions. 

SlOO Proteins A mnltifnnctional family of intracellular proteins distinguished by solution in satnrated ammonium sulfate (100% saturation) and their interactions with calcinm ions. The seminal member of the family, SlOO protein, was described as a protein unique to the nervous system. See Moore, B.W., A soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 19, 739-744, 1965 Donato, R., Perspectives in S-100 protein biology. Cell Calcium 12, 713-726, 1991 Passey, R.J., Xu, K., Hume, D.A., and Geczy, C.L., S100A8 emerging functions and regulations, J. Leukocyte Biol. 66, 549-556, 1999 Heizmann, C.W., The multifunctional SlOO protein family. Methods Mol. Biol. 172, 69-80, 2002 Emberley, E.D., Murphy, L.C., and Watson, PH., SlOO proteins and then-influence on pro-survival pathways in cancer, Biochem. Cell Biol. 82, 508-515, 2004. 

The activity of proteins, including enzymes, often must be regulated so that they function at the proper time and place. The biological activity of proteins is regulated in four principal ways ... 

Physiology/Medicine Reversible protein phosphorylation in biological regulation... 

Haimeur, A., Conseil, G., Deeley, R.G. and Cole, S.P. (2004) The MRP-related and BCRP/ABCG2 multidrug resistance proteins biology, substrate specificity and regulation. Current Drug Metabolism, 5, 21-53. 

The majority of the biological effects of cAM P are mediated by the activation of protein kinases. Protein kinases regulated by cAMP are classified as protein kinase A (see Section 7.3). 

Ylikomi, T., Wurtz, J.M., Syvala, H., Passmen, S., Pekki, A., Haverinen, M., Blauer, M., Tuohimaa, P. and Gronemeyer, H. (1998) Reappraisal of the role ofheat shock proteins as regulators of steroid receptor activity. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 33, 437—466. 

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