Proteins ancient

Beinert H. 2000. Iron-snhur proteins ancient strnctnres, stiU full of surprises. J Biol Inorg Chem 5 2-15. 

Beinert, H. Iron-sulfur proteins ancient structures, still full of surprises. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 5(1), 2-15. 

Quinoa, a high-protein ancient grain, stands in for traditional couscous in this fast and easy one-pot dish. 

Neer, E.J., et al. The ancient regulatory-protein family of WD-repeat proteins. Nature 371 297-300, 1994. 

Ribosomes are ancient ribonucleoprotein complexes that are the sites of protein synthesis in living cells. Their core structures and fundamental functional mechanisms have been conserved throughout the three domains of life bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. All ribosomes are organized into two subunits that are defined by their apparent sedimentation coefficient, measured in Svedberg units (S). There is a general... 

More is known about nitrogen. In a study of modern humans where diet components (protein, lipid and carbohydrate) were measured against the corresponding body components, a shift of between 4.2 and 4.4%o was observed for nitrogen in both plasma protein and hair (Schoeller et al. 1986). This is just outside the usual 3-4%o range. Salmon fishers from coastal British Columbia are enriched by 3%o compared to their diet (Chisholm et al. 1983). Ancient Mexicans have constant 8 N values, as reported by DeNiro and Epstein (1981) 8-10%o, and While and Schwarcz (1989) 9.8 0.8%o. In the latter... 

Chisholm, B.S., Nelson, D.E. and Schwarcz, H.P. 1982 Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets. Science 216 1131-1132. 

Modeling Protein Diagenesis in Ancient Bone Towards a Validation of Stable Isotope Data... 

Paleodiet studies have focused on the analysis of collagen, due to its ability to survive in ancient bone. Like all proteins, collagen is composed of amino acid (AA) units present in relatively constant proportions characteristic of the specific protein. The isotopic composition of a sample of collagen is the weighted average of the 5 C values of each of the constituent amino acids. 

Natural products have been noted for their potential health benefits from time immemorial and are the basis of Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical practice (Bushkin and Bushkin, 2002). However, the potential benefits of several natural products reside in one or two active ingredients. For example green tea stands for polyphenols, soy for soy estrogens, broccoli for isothiocyanates and grape seed for polyphenols. The beauty of rice bran is that there are more than 100 antioxidants, several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as IP6, polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, y-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals and trace minerals in addition to fat, protein, fiber, polysaccharides and other nutrients. These phytonutrients and antioxidants of rice bran are believed to act at the cellular level, and their synergestic function is responsible for the positive health benefits. 

Biogenic amines are decarboxylated derivatives of tyrosine and tryptophan that are found in animals from simple invertebrates to mammals. These compounds are found in neural tissue, where they function as neurotransmitters, and in non-neural tissues, where they have a variety of functions. The enzymes involved in biogenic amine synthesis and many receptors for these compounds have been isolated from both invertebrate and vertebrate sources. In all cases, the individual proteins that effect biogenic amine metabolism and function show striking similarity between species, indicating that these are ancient and well-conserved pathways. 

In summary, the capacity to synthesize both hemoproteins and iron sulfur proteins appears to be a ubiquitous attribute in organisms attacking reduced inorganic substrates. If the reactions by which these cells obtain energy represent relics of ancient forms of metabolism, it can only be concluded that heme formation and iron-sulfur coordination must have been invented at a very early stage in evolution. 

DATING ANCIENT PROTEINS - AMINO ACID RACEMIZATION DATING... 

The isotopic composition of carbon in the proteins, which are one of the main components of animal tissues, reflects the nature of the food resources in the diet of the animals. Determining the relative abundance of the stable isotopes of carbon in the proteins of bones or hair, for example, can facilitate understanding of the effects that different types of plants or animal food resources had on ancient diets (Katzenberg 2000 Burton 1996). 

Skin is unstable to varying environmental conditions and deteriorates readily under humid conditions or through biological activity, or both. Basically, the decay of much ancient skin and hide results from hydrolysis, that is, the reaction of the protein fibers in the skin with water in extreme cases, the hydrolysis of skin and hide may cause their total dissolution, and quite often, under humid and hot environmental conditions, nothing remains to indicate that skin or hide was once there. 

Sarkadi, B., Muller, M., Hollo, Z., The multidrug transporters - proteins of an ancient immune system, Immunol. Lett. 1996, 54, 215-219. 

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