Proteinase, human immunodeficiency virus

Craig JC, Duncan IB, Hockley D, Grief C, Roberts NA, Mills JS (1991) Antiviral properties of Ro 31-8959, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase. Antiviral Res 16 295-305... 

Jackobsen H, Yasargil K, Winslow JC, Craig JC, Krohn A, Duncan IB, Mous J. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants with decreased sensitivity to proteinase inhibitor RO 31-8959. Virology, 1995 206 527-534. 

Krausslich HG, Ingraham RH, Skoog MT, Wimmer E, Pallai PV, Carter CA. Activity of purified biosynthetic proteinase of human immunodeficiency virus on natural substrates and synthetic peptides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1989 86 807-811. 

The retroviruses have been the subject of intense study because of the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and this study has led to a structural understanding of complicated viruses that has been unfolding rapidly. In the immature virus, two copies of (+)ssRNA are surrounded by a spherical immature capsid that contains about 2000 copies of the Gag polyprotein (the precursor of the structural proteins), and up to a few hundred copies of larger polyproteins, the most ubiquitous being Gag-Pol, a polyprotein that in addition contains precursors of the proteinase (PR), reverse... 

Korting HC, et al. Effects of die human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase inhibitors saquinavir and indinavir on in vitro activities of secreted aspartyl proteinases of Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemodier. 

Loeb, D. D., Hutchison, C. A., Edgell, M. H., Farmerie, W. G., and Swanstrom, R.(1989). Mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease suggests functional homology with aspartic proteinases. y. Virol. 63, 111-121. 

Kroemer, R.T., Ettmayer, P. and Hecht, P. (1995). 3D-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Proteinase Inhibitors Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of 2-Heterosubstituted Statine Derivatives - Implications for the Design of Novel Inhibitors. 7.Med.Chein., 38,4917-4928. 

Fig. 16.2. A section of the alignment of sequences of aspartic proteinases achieved by comparing the three-dimensional structures using COMPARER [14]. HIV human immunodeficiency virus RSV Rous sarcoma virus APE endothiapepsin APP penicillopepsin APR rhizopuspepsin PEP hexagonal porcine pepsin CHY calf chymosin. The last letter refers to the amino (N) or car-boxy (C) terminal domains of the pepsins. The coordinates of the three-dimensional structures were obtained from the PDB databank [24]. The amino acid code is the standard one-letter code (see Appendix C) formatted using the following conventions [7] ...

Kroemer, R. T., Ettmayer, R, and Hecht, R, 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationships of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 proteinase inhibitors Comparative molecular field analysis of 2-heterosubstituted statine derivatives-implications for the design of novel inhibitors. /. Med. Chem. 1995, 38 (25), 4917-4928. 

Anjuere, F Monsigny, M. LeUevre, Y. Mayer, R. Sensitive, hydrosoluble, macromolecular fluorogenic substrates for human immunodeficiency virus 1 proteinase. Biochem. J. 1993,291,869-873. 

---