Protein restriction mapping

To analyze a nucleotide sequence for base composition, complement sequence, RNA transcription, protein translation (choice of Frames), creating plasmid, and restriction map from the sequence menu, for example to construct restriction map ... 

Fig. 2.13. Restriction map of the region of the bovine genome containing the gene for bovine growth hormone generated with selected restriction enzymes. The arrow denotes the promoter region and the box represents the protein coding...

Applications of cze include the detection of trace amounts of DNA and the separation of peptide fragments. Furthermore, this technique is beneficial to forensic scientists because restriction mapping can be performed, allowing assays for DNA to be carried out at the scene of a crime (see Forensic testing). It is also possible to interface capillary electrophoresis on-line with a mass spectrometer as a sample introduction technique in the analysis of amino acids and proteins (70). Further improvements in capillary electrophoresis include the need to increase column capacity. Most reported separations involve the resolution of only 20—30 components, whereas high resolution hplc is capable of resolving several hundred components in a mixture (see Chromatography). 

Teter B, Finch CE, CondoreUi DF (1994). DNA methylation in the glial fibriUary acidic protein gene map of CpG methylation sites and summary of analysis by restriction enzymes and by LMPCR. J. Neurosci. Res., 39 708-709. 

After a desired clone is obtained and mapped with restriction enzymes, further analysis usually depends on the deterrnination of its nucleotide sequence. The nucleotide sequence of a new gene often provides clues to its function and the stmcture of the gene product. Additionally, the DNA sequence of a gene provides a guidepost for further manipulation of the sequence, for example, lea ding to the production of a recombinant protein in bacteria. 

The lack of zinc can also be a problem in biological systems and is responsible for disease states. For example, nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis can be induced in motor neurons by zinc-deficient SOD, and in some cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, zinc-deficient SOD may participate in this type of oxidative mechanism involving nitric oxide.969 One form of hereditary human hair loss or alopecia was mapped to a specific gene and a mutation found in affected individuals. The gene encodes a single zinc finger transcription factor protein with restricted expression in the brain and skin.970 Zinc has been implicated in Alzheimer s via beta amyloid formation, and a role has been attributed for the cerebral zinc metabolism in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer s disease.971... 

Hara, W., Sosnicki, S., and Banno, Y. et al. 2007. Mapping analysis of carotenoid-binding protein of Bombyx mori by restriction fragment length polymorphism. J. Insect Biotechnol. Sericol., 76(3) 149-154. 

The following analysis and discussion of protein structure is based almost exclusively on the results of three-dimensional X-ray crystallography of globular proteins. In addition, one structure is included that was determined by electron diffraction (purple membrane protein), and occasional reference is made to particularly relevant results from other experimental techniques or from theoretical calculations. Even with this deliberately restricted viewpoint the total amount of information involved is immense. Millions of independent parameters have been determined by protein crystallography, and the relationships among almost any subset of them are of potential interest. A major aim of the present study is to provide a guide map for use in exploring this forest of information. 

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