Protein biochip studies

Our previous studies showed that CNTs exhibit marked cytotoxicity (Cui et al., 2005 Tian et al., 2006). For example, SWCNTs can inhibit HEK293 cell proliferation, decrease cell adhesive ability in a dose-and time-dependent manner as shown in Fig. 9.7. HEK293 cells also exhibit active responses to SWCNTs such as secretion of some 20-30 kd proteins to wrap SWCNTs, aggregation of cells attached by SWCNTs and formation of nodular structures as shown in Fig. 9.8. Cell cycle analysis showed that 25pg/ml SWCNTs in medium induced Gt arrest and cell apoptosis in HEK293 cells as shown in Fig. 9.9. Biochip analysis showed that SWCNTs can induce up-regulation expression of cell cycle-associated genes such... 

The construction of a biosensor, a biochip, or a bioreactor frequently requires the fixation of corresponding biomacromolecules, especially proteins, on an electrode without denaturation. Protein functions have been studied only in an aqueous medium. However, the aqueous medium is not the best matrix from in practical applications. The available temperature range of an aqueous system is not sufficiently wide, and it is scarcely possible to maintain long-term stability of the proteins in an aqueous medium. It is therefore important to find a nonaqueous medium in... 

Tlie application of microsystems ( biochips ) with highly integrated functions covers the analysis of DNA, protein, DNA-RNA and DNA-protein interactions, biochemical assays, and stracture and expression studies. 

Combinations of the very simple spin-coated reactive polymer films discussed in Sect. 2.1.4 with the micro- and nanopatterning approaches studied and refined in model studies on weU-defined macromolecular (dendrimer) systems are ciu rently being investigated with substantial success. Thus, the lessons learned in these model studies can be applied to practical formats in order to provide reactive micro- and nanopatterned platforms for the development of biosensors, biochips (DNA, proteins, saccharides, and so on) and studies of cell-cell and ceU-substrate interactions. 

Major Applications Sensors,organic electroluminescence (OEL)-based biochips, method for detecting fluorescent molecule, fluorescence studies of protein crystal nucleation Safety/Toxicity No data available... 

Biological/Medical Applications Evaluating multimeric complexes (proteins, peptides, antibody molecules, smaMarge molecules) fluorosensor for measurement of near-neutral pH values organic electroluminescence (OEL)-based biochips optical sensors for bio-medical applications " substrates for assaying esterase studying protein crystal nucleation as temperature sensor " - ... 

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