Protein binding in vitro

The example shown comprises protein-binding in vitro only (pre-dose samples), since the parent compound in plasma was known massively to exceed all metabolites. If this is not the case, additional samples to determine the protein binding ex vivo are required. Depending on the kind of measurement (radioactivity vs. specific), these samples can then indicate a general hint for protein binding across all labeled molecules (weighted by their occurrence in plasma), if only the ex-vivo radioactivity is determined, or can provide protein binding data for metabolites, if a specific assay is available. 

Leibold, E., Munro, HN., Cytoplasmic protein binds in-vitro to a highly conserved sequence in the 5 untranslated region of ferritin heavy- and light-subunit mRNAs. PNAS, 1988.85 p. 2171-2175. 

Dorsal, NF/rB) 146 requires sequences N-terminal to A and B boxes Drosophila HMGBl related protein DSPl In vitro DSPl binds to SPIOOB which in turn recruits... 

Boonyaratanakornkit, V., Melvin, V., Prendergast, P., Altmann, M., Ronfani, L., Bianchi, M.E., Taraseviciene, L., Nordeen, S.K., Allegretto, E.A., and Edwards, D.P. (1998) High-mobility group chromatin proteins 1 and 2 functionally interact with steroid hormone receptors to enhance their DNA binding in vitro and transcriptional activity in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 4471 487. 

Yumoto, Y., Shirakawa, H., Yoshida, M., Suwa, A., Watanabe, F, and Teraoka, H. (1998) High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 can function as DNA-binding regulatory components for DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro. J. Biochem. 124, 519-527. 

Micafungin is highly (more than 99%) protein bound in vitro, independent of plasma concentrations over the range of 10 to 100 mcg/mL. The primary binding protein is albumin however, micafungin, at therapeutically relevant... 

Dichloroethane binds in vitro and in vivo to DNA, RNA and proteins in mice and... 

Distribution addresses the transfer of the drug compound from the site of administration to the systemic circulation and then to bodily tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are informative here. In vitro studies, for example, examine plasma protein binding. In vivo studies use whole body autoradiography that can display visually how much drug has reached different parts of the body. Transfer of the drug compound in milk to an infant and across the placenta is also studied. 

Hannun, Y.A., Loomis, C.R., Merrill, A.H. Jr., and Bell, R.M., Sphingosine inhibition of protein kinase C activity and of phorbol dibutyrate binding in vitro and in human platelets, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 12604, 1986. 

Protein-protein interaction Ligand-receptor binding (in vitro)... 

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