Protein arginine deiminase

Kearney, P.L., Bhatia, M., Jones, N.G., Yuan, L., Glascock, M.C., Catchings, K.L., Yamada, M. and Thompson, P.R. (2005) Kinetic characterization of protein arginine deiminase 4 a transcriptional corepressor implicated in the onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Biochemistry, 44, 10570-10582. 

Thompson, P.R. and Fast, W. (2006) Histone citrullination by protein arginine deiminase is arginine methylation a green light or a roadblock ACS Chemical Biology, 1, 433-441. 

Arginine deiminases catalyze the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues in proteins. Deregulation of protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is... 

Jones JE, Causey CP, Rnuckley B et al (2009) Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) current understanding and future therapeutic potential. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 12 616-627... 

Luo Y, Arita K, Bhatia M et al (2006) Inhibitors and inactivators of protein arginine deiminase 4 functional and structural characterization. Biochemistry 45 11727-11736... 

Luo Y, Knuckley B, Lee YH et al (2006) A fluoroacetamidine-based inactivator of protein arginine deiminase 4 design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Am Chem Soc 128 1092-1093... 

Slack JL, Causey CP, Luo Y et al (2011) Development and use of clickable activity based protein profiling agents for protein arginine deiminase 4. ACS Chem Biol 6 466-476... 

Luo Y, Knuckley B, Bhatia M, Pellechia PJ, Thompson PR. Activity-based protein profiling reagents for protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a fluorescently labeled probe. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006 128 14468-14469. 

Enzymes in the pentein superfamiiy are also capable of catalyzing posttranslational modifications. (PAD also called protein arginine deiminase (PADI)) catalyzes hydrolysis of arginine side chains found in proteins and... 

Kim, J.E., Jeong, D.W., and Lee, H.J. 2007. Expression, purification, and characterization of arginine deiminase from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962 in Escherichia coli BL21. Protein Expression and Purification 53 9-15. 

Rimaux, T., Rivi re, A., Hebert, E.M., et al. (2013) A putative transport protein is involved in citrulline exaetion and re-uptake during arginine deiminase pathway activity by Lactobacillus sakei. Res Microbiol 164, 216-225. 

Peptidylargiiiine deiminase (PAD) catalyzes the post-translational modification of protein converting the arginine to dtrulline in the presence of calcium ions. PAD is present in the cortical granules of mouse oocytes, is released extracellularly during the cortical reaction. 

Citrullination Also known as deimination, citrullination is the term used for the posttranslational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline. This reaction, shown below, is performed by enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). 

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