Proteges

Newcomen came from the ranks of practical tradesmen, unlike many industrial inventors who tended to be noblemen, philosophers and royal proteges. The Newcomen family had had an impressive lineage and had held its manor from the twelfth cen-tuiy until misfortune dropped them into obscurity four centuries later. Yet, a work ethic was instilled by Newcomen s grandfather, who became a merchant venturer (owning several ships), a freeholder of Dartmouth, treasurer for his town, and a staunch Parliamentarian. Elias Newcomen, the father of Thomas, was also a freeholder and a merchant of Dartmouth, trading to distant areas with a ship that he had inherited. 

Fagenson, E. A. (1989). The mentor advantage perceived career/job experiences of proteges versus non-proteges. /. Org. Behav., 10, 309-20. 

A structure and series of processes designed to create effective mentoring relationships, guide the desired behaviour change of those involved, and evaluate the results for the proteges, the mentor, and the organization. 

Generally it is better that the mentors and proteges have individual forums to allow wide-ranging discussions regarding their respective roles (which might be inhibited in each other s presence). 

In the nineteenth century, Humphry Davy (1778-1829) speculated that the luminosity of flames is caused by fhe production and ignition of solid particles of carbon as a resulf of the decomposition of a part of the gas. Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848) is said to be the first to describe an ordinary candle flame as consisting of four disfincf zones. Davy s protege, Michael Faraday [9] (1791-1867) gave his Christmas lectures and accom-pan3ung demonstrations to a juvenile audience on "The Chemical History of a Candle" in 1848 and 1860. Around the turn of the century, modem combustion science was established based on the increased understanding of chemistry, physics, and thermodynamics. 

Contrary to all custom, the Chemical Society which Frankland had served as president did not publish a memorial biography of him. A faithful protege assigned to write the memoir stalled for years and finally refused outright because, he claimed, he held his teacher s memory in very deep... 

Superieure rather than the Ecole Polytechnique. 15 His interests lay in the physical sciences, especially chemistry, but he found uninspiring the chemistry taught by the proteges of Henri Sainte-Claire Deville. (Deville, who had been in charge of the laboratory from 1851 to 1881, was succeeded, in turn, by his pupils Henri Jules Debray [18811888], Alphonse Alexandre Joly [18881897], and Desire J. B. Gemez [18971904]). 

In 1895, Armstrong published some twenty-five papers jointly with members of his chemical laboratory. A report to the alumni in 1903 mentions work in five subjects undertaken by Armstrong and some of his proteges radioactivity (H. Armstrong and Lowry), dynamic isomerism (Lowry), stereochemistry of noncarbon elements (Pope), the chemistry of camphor (M. O. Forster), and tautomerism (Lapworth).34... 

Ingold s colleagues and proteges frequently have noted that his later penchant for combining physical methods with chemical techniques was presaged in a youthful precocity in physics. He began serious scientific studies at Hartley University, Southampton, as an external student of the University of London. He was "better at physics than chemistry," he later recalled, but his enthusiasm for chemistry was fired by a gifted teacher, D. R. Boyd.5... 

But Bom did not doubt the power of the physicist to explain the facts and laws of the chemist. In the lectures published as The Constitution of Matter, Bom developed a model of the distribution of valence electrons about a nucleus in the manner of Bohr (1913) and of Sommerfeld s protege, Kossel (1916). Born wrote, "When we contemplate the path by which we have come we realize that we have not penetrated far into the vast territory of chemistry yet we have travelled far enough to see before us in the distance the passes which must be traversed before physics can impose her laws upon her sister science."5... 

Constantin, E. Nakatini, Y. Ourisson, G. Hueber, R. Teller, G. Spectres De Masse De PhosphoUpides Et Polypeptides Non Proteges. Une Methode Simple D Obten-tion Du Spectre Complet. Tetrahedron Lett. 1980,27,4745-4746. 

A Cohort III interviewee asserts You have to be a protege of someone who has done world class research. You have to have experiences in labs conducting leading research... When African Americans have these opportunities, a Nobel laureate will eventually be produced. ... 

Pearson, W., Jr., Warner, I. (1998). Mentoring experiences of African American Ph.D. chemists. In H. T. Frierson (Ed.), Examining Mentoring-Protege Experiences. Diversity in Higher Education Volume II (pp. 41-57). Greenwich, CT JAl Press. 

Volume 2 Examining Protege-Mentor Experiences -Edited by H. T. Frierson... 

Gay-Lussac was a protege and assistant of Berthollet, and he presented this memoir before the Societe d Arcueil. What Gay-Lussac reported is that many reactions of gases occur in ratios of small whole numbers by volume, such as two of hydrogen to one of oxygen to form water. Avogadro noted that if equal volumes of gases contained equal numbers of atoms or molecules, then the reactions themselves involved small whole-number ratios of atoms—just as Dalton had proposed. 

EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY The is one of the most provocative temptresses I have ever encountered in the tryptamine world. It is a case of having a protege that you absolutely know will be a success if allowed to come to fulfillment, and yet you know that uncontrolled circumstances will prevent that fulfillment. 

In the aftermath ofthe 1948 conference, most of the remaining honest geneticists in the Soviet Union were fired from their jobs and replaced by Lysenko s proteges. The famous branched wheat that gained Stalin s support for Lysenko turned out to give much poorer yields than ordinary, unbranched wheat, but with Stalin s support, this was no problem for Lysenko. After Stalin s death, it was not long before Lysenko hypnotized his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, who provided the same top-level political support to which Lysenko had become accustomed. 

---