Protection efficiency test

Fig. 8.5. Using a standardized structured plate (left) the mechanical protection efficiency test can be carried out in a simplified form as an index test. The test equipment is schematically illustrated on the right. Suitable stmctured plates may simulate the impact by gravel fills. Dimensions of the stmctured plate simulating 16/32 mm gravel are indicated on the left. The drawing has been adopted from (Brummermann 1997b)...

Decrease In charge transfer resistance and Increase In double layer capacitance Is observed with Increasing time of Immersion or with Increasing test temperature and gives Information on the degree of protection efficiency of a coating. 

These assumptions may be experimentally tested. Thus, our preliminary results show that the degree of protection afforded by the carotenoids to the reaction center exceeds that given to the antenna by a factor of 2 to 3, suggesting that the higher specificity may be directly related to better protection efficiency. 

Some data deal with the stabilizing efficiency of polymers and copolymers bearing a stabilizing functionality. Three isomeric poly(vinylphenols) provided a better resistance to oxidation than the corresponding monomers (the o-hydroxy isomer provided the best protection). All tested poly(vinylphenols) were however slightly inferior to 2,6-di-rerr-butyl-4-methylphenol [330]. The presence of the... 

In order to test the protective efficiency of the surface treatments, a number of 0100 mm and 060 mm cores were later on drilled out from the concrete decks. For Structure 1, the cores were removed from the deck slab after approximately four years, while for Structure 2, the cores were removed from the deck beams after approximately two years of exposure. Shortly after all surface treatments, a number of 060 mm cores had also been removed for control of penetration depth of the hydrophobic agent. This control was carried out by use of visual observations based on splitting of the removed cores and spraying with pure water [9]. The control of chloride penetration later on was based on successively grinding off small powder samples, from which the chloride content was analyzed by use of a spectrophotometric method [10]. 

For landfill construction, special test conditions have been agreed upon. The test period should be 1000 hours. For testing the protective efficiency in basal liners, a test temperature of 40 °C and a test load have to be set which exceed the maximum load expected in the landfill by a factor of 1.5. Where no reliable data are available, 15 kN/m is assumed for the specific gravity of the waste. The increased load and to certain extent the increased... 

Simulant vapors released into the test chamber are stirred with fans to produce a uniform challenge. The feed is monitored with proper analytical devices and data acquisition system. This system has been employed to generate a high volume of vapor in a large chamber for testing the protection efficiency of unhardened collective protection shelters. These shelters typically use filtered air to overpressurize the inside of the shelter to preclude infiltration of unwanted vapors. 

Laboratory evaluation of nominated inhibitor s) should, in addition to the already tests described, include a persistency study, a distribution study, and a stability study of the inhibitor(s), as well as inhibitor film development, and the subsequent resistance of the film to displacement and loss of protective efficiency by medium. Information should be acquired on the amount of inhibitor necessary to provide protection in a system and the most economical rate of addition to ensure protection. 

A steel ball with a mass of 1 kg is used to simulate the impact damage on a lead plate protected with a GTX test specimen using a faUing head of 1 m. The result is used to determine the protection efficiency of a geosynthetic to prevent a geosynthetic barrier against impact damage (Table 7.14 and Fig. 7.19). 

Although the presented results prove the efficiency of radioscopy, this system have certain characteristics which justify to develop and employ further process integrated testing systems. One of this characteristics is that the integration of radioscopy in industrial applications is doubtful because of reasons of radiation protection. This means, that the results from radioscopy should rather be used to fit other systems (acoustic emission analysis or temperature analysis) for industrial applications. 

TTie ability of the ventilation system to protect the worker efficiently can readily be determined by personal samples. The PIMEX method (see Chapter 12) can be used to determine the worker s exposure during various work phases. The capture efficiency as well as the supply air fraction can be measured using tracer gas techniques. Simple evaluation is carried out visually with smoke tube or pellet tests. Daily system evaluation is recommended using airflow or static pressure measurements at appropriate parts of the system. The air velocities, turbulence intensities, air temperature, mean radiant temperature, and air humidity should also be measured to provide an assessment ol thermal comfort. 

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