Prosthetic arteries

GoMmanM, HallC, DykesJ, Hawker RJ, McCollum CN Does II 1-indium platelet deposition predict patency in prosthetic arterial grafts Brit. J. Surg. 635,1983... 

Resilin has a remarkably high fatigue lifetime (probably >500 million cycles) and our aim is to reproduce this desirable mechanical property in synthetic materials derived from our studies of resilin structure and function. We believe that recombinant resilin-like materials may be used, in the future, in the medical device field as components of prosthetic implants, including spinal disks and synthetic arteries. Spinal disks, for example, must survive for at least 100 million cycles of contraction and relaxation [30]. 

Bonhoeffer P Boudjemline Y Saliba Z et al. Percutaneous replacement of pulmonary valve in a right-ventricle to pulmonary-artery prosthetic conduit with valve dysfunction. Lancet 2000 356 1403-1405. 

INR 3.0-4.5 Recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism arterial disease including myocardial infarction mechanical prosthetic heart valves. 

There are additional indications for PAs. These may include pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, acute thromboembolism of peripheral arteries, thromboses precipitated by prosthetic heart valves, and other occlusions. Some of the applications are still investigational. 

Prosthetic valve, coronary artery bypass, other open-heart surgery, pacemaker implant... 

Thrombotic complications are frequently encountered when blood is exposed to the surfaces of hemodialysis devices, heart-lung machines, arterial grafts, artificial heart components and other prosthetic devices. The blood platelets are particularly vulnerable to these adverse effects which may include a decrease in platelet count, shortened platelet survival and attendant higher platelet turnover, and altered platelet function. However the interaction of platelets with an artificial surface exposed to blood must be preceded by the interaction of the molecular components of plasma, particularly the plasma proteins, with the surface (1,2). This is due to the prepon-... 

D.J. Farrar, Development of a prosthetic coronary artery bypass graft. Heart Surg. Forum 3 (2000) 36-40. 

Cardiovascular disease, namely, coronary artery disease, remains the leading cause of death in the developed nations. Over the last few years, MEMS sensors have advanced the understanding of blood flow, namely, fluid shear stress, in arterial circulation. Fluid shear stress is defined as the frictional force acting tangentially on the surface of a blood vessel wall. Furthermore, the measurement of wall shear stress is important to study the durability of prosthetic valves and to monitor thrombosis or blood clots in cardiopulmonary bypass machines, artificial hearts, and left ventricular assist devices. Luminal shear stress measurement predicts the development of atherosclerotic plaque in patients at risk for acute heart attacks. In this context, the application of microscale hot-wire anemometry bridges fluid mechanics of blood flow with vascular biology. 

---