Prostate tumors neuroendocrine

Cox ME, Deeble PE, Bissonette EA, Parsons SJ. Activated 3, 5 -cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is sufficient to induce neuroendocrine-like differentiation of the LNCaP prostate tumor cell line. J Biol Chem 2000 275 13812-8. 

The normal prostate is composed of acinar secretory cells arranged in a radial shape and surrounded by a foundation of supporting tissue. The size, shape, or presence of acini are almost always altered in the gland that has been invaded by prostatic carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma, the major pathologic cell type, accounts for more than 95% of prostate cancer cases.15 Much rarer tumor types include small cell neuroendocrine cancers, sarcomas, and transitional cell carcinomas. 

FIGURE 10.50 Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine cells. Immunoperoxidase stain for chromogranin A shows positivity in a few tumor cells. 

HIndgut (rectal) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are positive for synaptophysin and prostatIc acid phosphatase and typically lack staining for chromogranin and CDX2. 

As in other organs, the spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the prostate include carcinoid tumors, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma as defined in the lung by Travis and colleagues. 

Freschi M, Colombo R, Naspro R, Rigatti P. Primary and pure neuroendocrine tumor of the prostate. Eur Urol. 2004 45 166. 

As mentioned previously, octreotide is an analog of the hormone somatostatin (Fig. 5) and has been used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Much of the work has centered on neuroendocrine tumors because of their high somatostatin receptor concentrations however, other common types of neoplasms, such as gliomas, lymphomas, breast and prostate cancers, may also contain considerable numbers of somatostatin receptors [41], Indium-111 has been labeled to DTPA-conjugated octreotide and administered to patients for scintigraphic imaging of various... 

SST receptors have been identilied in vitro on the membrane of a variety of tumor cells, especially in neuroendocrine tumors, tumors of the nervous system, lymphomas, breast cancers, prostate cancers, gastric cancers, and so on (116,117). In addition, some human tumors (such as colorectal cancers) that exhibit no detectable SST receptor still have a high receptor density in vascular systems surrounding the tumor tissues (119). 

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