Prostaglandin naming

In 1935, von Eular demonstrated a substance present in the extracts of human seminal fluid, which caused contraction of the isolated intestine and uterine muscle. This substance was named as prostaglandin (PG) because of its probable origin from the prostate gland. In 1962, the structure of two prostaglandins namely PGEj PGF were elucidated and in 1964, PGE was biosynthesized. 

Further pharmacologic investigation made possible by these sources of prostaglandins identified many areas in which the drugs might have useful activity. These, to name only a few, in-... 

Common Name Prostaglandin tromethamine Structural Formula ... 

Therapeutic Function Oxytocic abortifacient Chemical Name 11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid Common Name Prostaglandin E2, PGE2 Structural Formula o... 

Naming, acid anhydrides—cont d prostaglandins, 1069 sulfides, 668 thioesters. 787 thiols, 667... 

During recent years, cross metathesis has found a wide range of applications in total synthesis. CM has been the key step in the syntheses of (-)-lasubine 11 [134], (+)-7a-ept-7-deoxycasuarine [135], and melithiazole C [136] to name just a few examples. It has been used for the modification of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles [137] as well as erythromycin derivatives [138], the dimerisation of steroids [139] and the synthesis of prostaglandin analogues [140]. 

It is an unfortunate consequence of the use of Christian name abbreviation (A. Spirin), that Alex always evokes for me a well known analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory agent, which John Vane showed in 1971 to be an inhibitor of the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachadonic acid. 

The first line of evidence derives from the predominant formation of quinones when metabolism of BP is conducted under peroxi-datic conditions, namely by prostaglandin H synthase (21) or by cytochrome P-450 with cumene hydroperoxide as cofactor T22). Under these metabolic conditions one-electron oxidation is the preponderant mechanism of activation. 

Skelley et al (1973) listed a number of substances that may be determined quantitatively by the help of the RIA method, namely nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, prostaglandins, steroidal hormones, antibodies, cancer and viral antigens, vitamins, and drugs together with their respective metabolites. 

Fatty acid derivatives include a large and diverse group of compounds named eicosanoids, which includes thromboxanes, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, all of which are biochemically derived from arachidonic acid (a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid). 

Originally isolated from the prostate gland (hence the name pro sta-gland-in), prostaglandins are chemically simple fatty acid-like molecules (Figure 5.3). Structural differences give rise to several series of structurally different prostaglandins, for example PGE, PGF and thromboxane. 

Eicosanoids include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, prostacyclins and thromboxanes. They are given their collective name since they contain 20 carbon atoms (Figure 11.16). 

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