Propylene steaming of fluid catalytic

Contaminant-Metal Deactivation and Metal-Dehydrogenation Effects During Cyclic Propylene Steaming of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts... 

The various sources of isobutylene are C streams from fluid catalytic crackers, olefin steam crackers, isobutane dehydrogenation units, and isobutylene produced by Arco as a coproduct with propylene oxide. Isobutylene concentrations (weight basis) are 12 to 15% from fluid catalytic crackers, 45% from olefin steam crackers, 45 to 55% from isobutane dehydrogenation, and high purity isobutylene coproduced with propylene oxide. The etherification unit should be designed for the specific feedstock that will be processed. 

MOI [Mobil olefin interconversion] A process for increasing the yield of propylene from steam crackers and fluid catalytic crackers, using a ZSM-type catalyst. Developed in 1998 by Mobil Technology. 

The olefins ethylene and propylene are highly important synthetic chemicals in the petrochemical industry. Large quantities of such chemicals are used as feedstock in the production of polyethylene, polypropylene, and so on [31]. The prime source of lower olefins is the olefin-paraffin mixtures from steam cracking or fluid catalytic cracking in the refining process [32]. Such mixtures are intrinsically difficult to... 

The use of molecular sieve catalysts has also become more widespread in the past decade for the production and inter-conversion of olefins from feedstocks other than oxygenates. The addition of a modified ZSM-5 additive to the Y zeolite-based catalyst can substantially increase the amount of propylene produced in a conventional Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit. This has become a very valuable modification, particularly in areas where propylene supplies are tight. More recently, a number of processes have been announced for the direct cracking of C4+ olefinic steams to propylene. These processes also use modified ZSM-5 based... 

Description The DCC process overcame the limitations of conventional fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. The propylene yield of DCC is 3-5 times that of conventional FCC processes. The processing scheme of DCC is similar to that of a conventional FCC unit consisting of reaction-regeneration, fractionation and gas concentration sections. The feedstock, dispersed with steam, is fed to the system and contacted with the hot regenerated catalyst either in a riser-plus fluidized dense-bed reactor (for DCC-I) or in a riser reactor (for DCC-II). The feed is catalytically cracked. Reactor effluent proceeds to the fractionation and gas concentration sections for stream separation and further recovery. The coke-deposited catalyst is stripped with steam and transferred to a regenerator where air is introduced and coke on the catalyst is removed by combustion. The hot regenerated catalyst is returned to the reactor at a controlled circulation rate to achieve the heat balance for the system. 

Europe and Asia obtain propylene mainly from steam cracking of liquid petroleum feedstocks such as naphtha or from FCC units (fluid catalytic cracking). Also, propylene can be obtained from cracking of gas oil from refineries. Propylene can also be produced from cracking of propane and butane, to a lesser extent. This latter process is more feasible if the cost of propane is relatively low. 

Description The INEOS acrylonitrile technology uses its proven fluidized-bed reactor system. The feeds containing propylene, ammonia and air are introduced into the fluid-bed catalytic reactor, which operates at 5 psig-30 psig with a temperature range of 750°F-950°F (400°C-510°C). This exothermic reaction yields acrylonitrile, byproducts and valuable steam. 

Reactors for Non-catalytic Single-Phase Systems Classical reactors for single-phase reactions are stirred tank reactors for liquids (Figure 4.10.3) and flow tubes for fluids in all aggregation states. Ethylene and propylene synthesis from naphtha by thermal cracking in the presence of steam is a good example for a tubular reactor (Section 6.6). The tubes of a steam cracker have an internal diameter of 10 cm and... 

---