Property limits

Property Limit per Hter Values for averagers Average Cap... 

Properties. Limited data are available for the types or grades of commercial agar which is usually in the form of chopped shreds, sheets, flakes, granules, or powder. The official specifications for agar are provided in the USP (12) and the Food Chemicals Codex (13). 

B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum ReBnery Piping For all piping within the property limits of facihties engaged in the processing or handling of chemical, petroleum, or related products unless speciBcaUy excluded by the code Latest issue 1980... 

Verification of dielectric properties, limited to power frequency voltage withstand or HV test on power as well as control and protective circuits. 

For commercial towers with good liquid/vapor distribution Norton [96] recommends standard designs use HETP ralues 13% above the system base HETP. If the system under consideration does not meet the physical properties limit, either use a conservative estimate or use actual plant or published data for the system. For comparison of HETP values for selected packings see Strigle and Rukovena [94], Figure 9-28. 

A metal, such as zinc, that forms salts with potentially weak acidic or basic properties. Limits the applicability of the metal as an inhibitor against water treatment problems. Examples are aluminum salts in water, which produce a weak base [Al(OH)3] and zinc, which may corrode at either low or high pH. 

At Novartis, so-called BioavailabiUty Radar Plots [44] are used to visually display the oral absorption potential of molecules. On these plots five important calculated descriptors (log P, molecular weight, PSA, number of rotatable bonds and water solubility score [45]) are displayed on the axes of a pentagonal radar plot and compared with predefined property limits (green area) which were determined by the analysis of marketed oral drugs. These plots provide an intuitive tool that displays multiple parameters as a single chart in a straightforward but informative way, providing visual feedback about the molecule s bioavailabiUty potential (Fig. 5.5). 

To date, most small molecule-based OLEDs are prepared by vapor deposition of the metal-organic light-emitting molecules. Such molecules must, therefore, be thermally stable, highly fluorescent (in the solid state), form thin films on vacuum deposition, and be capable of transporting electrons. These properties limit the number of metal coordination compounds that can be used in OLED fabrication. 

Another approach to this problem is a search for the other more effective spin traps. Frejaville et al. [23] demonstrated that the half-life of spin-adduct of superoxide with 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-mcthyl-l -pyrrolinc-/V-oxide (DEMPO) is about tenfold longer than that of DMPO OOH. Despite a much more efficiency of this spin trap, its hydrophilic properties limit its use for superoxide detection in lipid membranes. Stolze et al. [24] studied the efficiency of some lipophilic derivatives of DEMPO in the reaction with superoxide. These authors demonstrated a higher stability of superoxide spin-adducts with 5-(di- -propoxypho-sphoryl)-5-methyl-1 -pyrrolinc-A -oxidc (DPPMPO) and 5-(di- -butoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-... 

For military purposes, unmodified arsenic vesicants are classified as persistent. However, agent vapors rapidly react with high humidity to lose most of their vesicant properties. Limited solubility slows the hydrolysis of liquid agents. Some hydrolysis products are highly toxic and extremely persistent (see Section 4.4.5). Evaporation rates range from near that of water down to that of light machine oil. 

Many epidemiologic studies of scleroderma, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis with fairly consistent and strong associations seen adjuvant- pro-inflammatory properties. Limited mechanistic research in MRL +/+ lupus mice... 

The substance possesses quite uncommon and valuable explosive properties. It is more powerful than tetryl, and considerably less sensitive to impact (as sensitive as picric acid). However, its acidic properties limit its use to a great extent. In this respect it resembles picric acid. Even so ethylenedinitramine, under the name of Haleite, has been accepted in the United States as a military explosive. During World War II, production in that country was carried out by the method outlined above according to eqn. (17)... 

Metal, such as zinc, that forms salt with potentially both weak acidic and basic properties. Limits the applicability of the metal as an inhibitor against water treatment problems. 

Although successfully applied in pharmaceutics (Duchene and V fouessidjewe, 1990 Szejtli, 1994), natural CDs have certain undesirable properties limiting their usefulness as drug carriers in pharmaceutical formulations. The main drawbacks, particularly in the csffe Of, are related to parenteral toxicity and low aqueous solubility. The solubilitydED in water is only 1.85 g/100 ml, compared to 15 g/100 ml. f r-CD, and 23 g/100 ml. fop-CD. 

Apart from the mentioned limitations on properties, limitations on components... 

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