Properties of raw materials

This property is a requirement for a metal which is to be cast. The metal must flow freely in a molten state in order to completely fill the mould cavity. 

A ductile material can be reduced in cross-section without breaking. Ductility is an essential property when drawing, since the material must be capable of flowing through the reduced diameter of the die and at the same time withstand the pulling force. The reduction in cross-sectional area aimed for in a single pass through the die is usually between 25% and 45%. 

A malleable material can be rolled or hammered permanently into a different shape without fracturing. This property is required when rolling and forging. 

This is a similar property to malleability, involving permanent deformation without fracture. This property is required in forging and extrusion, where the metal is rendered plastic, Le. made more pliable, by the application of heat 

A material is tough if it is capable of absorbing a great deal of energy before it fractures. Thus property is required when forging. 

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Altering the grain size mostly amounts to reduction and is accompanied by changes in the grain size distribution and the specific surface. This specific surface is a major ceramic property of raw materials... 

Various techniques available for characterization of solid-state properties of raw materials and Ln-ished solid dispersions are presented in this section. In most cases, solid dispersions are process into Lnished dosage forms using conventional approaches such as tabletting, encapsulation, and < forth, and the characterization of such Lnished dosage formulations are not presented here. 

Physical properties and functional specifications are more critical properties of raw materials must be defined and carefully controlled. Limitations in producing colored tablets. 

Physicochemical properties of raw materials and the finished dosage form should be characterized before any scale-up effort. Having methodology available and validated to compare batches is essential. For example, drug-release profiles and viscosities have the potential of being altered in scale-up by manufacturing procedures and equipment. Care must be exercised to maintain the desired profiles and other product specifications. The effect of batch size and process scale-up should be monitored closely. 

Munoz-Ruiz A, Monedero Perales MC, Velasco Antequera MV, Jimenez-Castellanos MR. Physical and rheological properties of raw materials. STP Pharma (Set) 1993 3 307-312. 

Hydrocracking plants are used to convert heavy oils into lighter oil and gasoline (naphta) fractions. This process requires an input of hydrogen and heat where the former could be provided by naphta splitting. Different properties of raw materials... 

The nitration of diglycerine to nitro diglycerine is similar with the method of glycerine nitration, but has a little difference because of the difference properties of raw materials. The major reaction is ... 

Influences of Synthesis on Opportunities and Risks (Properties) of Raw Materials for Plastics... 

The general properties of raw materials will be discussed identity, physical, chemical and... 

Particle size is an important physical quality property of raw materials. With regards to particles in this section a distinction is made between firstly loose crystals (primary particles) and secondly agglomerates coagulated small particles (secondary particles) that have such a strong cohesion that they resist normal dispersion techniques and therefore are not easy to disperse in the production process. 

Properties of Raw Materials Used in Ceramics, Refractories, and Glasses... 

The properties of raw materials do not represent final properties of the circuits. They undergo change during the manufacturing process, and therefore final properties should be measured at the end of the manufacturing process. Generally, most of electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties are different from those of raw materials. Critical properties such as flexing endurance, insulation resistance, and heat resistance should be measured carefully. 

Table 2.3 Typical properties of raw materials for carbon cathode blocks...

Material preparation is very important, since influence of the properties of raw materials on operational results (especially the temperature of melting of gangue) is significant. Thus a precise preparation work for raw materials is needed for desirable and stable operation. The raw materials were mixed taking into account of the stoichiometric balance of carbon for direct reduction (See Table 111). 

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