Ceramic properties

G. H. Haerding, in L. M. Levinson, ed.. Electronic Ceramics Properties, Devices and AppHcations, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988, pp. 371—492. 

R. Morrell, Engineering Ceramics - Property Data for the User, HMSO, 1985. 

Kokubo, T. (1991) Bioactive glass ceramics Properties and applications. Biomaterials, 12, 155-163. 

The ceramic properties of EU2O3 were investigated by Curtis and Tharp [305]. The electric conductivities of rare earth oxides including EU2O3 between 600—1300° C were reported [675]. The selective oxidation of Ci to C5 olefins and Ci to C5 alcohols by direct fuel cells employing noble metal anodes and aqueous H2SO4 electrolytes was found to be enhanced [676] by small additions of soluble salts of Ce, Eu and Yb. 

Altering the grain size mostly amounts to reduction and is accompanied by changes in the grain size distribution and the specific surface. This specific surface is a major ceramic property of raw materials... 

Although a dried brick is quite firm, it obviously does not yet have the desired ceramic properties. These are obtained by firing it. This... 

Brindley, G.W. and Udagawa, S., 1960. High-temperature reactions of clay mineral mixtures and their ceramic properties, 1. Kaolinite-mica-quartz mixtures with 25 weight % quartz. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 43 59-65. 

Because of its outstanding ceramic properties, a-A Ch has been the subject of numerous experimental (529-533) and theoretical studies (534-541). This solid is also used extensively as a support for thin films and for the catalysts used in the industrially important ethylene epoxidation reaction... 

A final benefit of this type of structure is that the acoustic behaviour is primarily governed by the properties and dimensions of the metal parts and only to a minor extent by those of the ceramic, so that small variations in the ceramic properties become unimportant. 

Pyroceramic is a translucent material made by Coming that has both glass and ceramic properties. 

When Fe, Mo and Hf are ion-implanted into /9-Si3N4, it is expected that the effect of the implanted atoms on ceramic properties are determined from the relative positions of the energy levels of the d electrons to the valence and conduction levels. Figure 6 shows the energy levels for a neutral Fe ion-implanted into /3-SisN4. The valence states from 23a to 26a", occupied by electrons, consist mainly of N 2sp orbitals, while the conduction states from... 

Preparation of ceramics involves high temperature rearrangement of bonds from a starting mixture. Frequently the mixture is solids where particle size, mixing, etc., become very important to the nature of the ceramic. In other cases a vapor of correct stoichiometry is decomposed to give the ceramic. In either approach, the removal of impurities is important to the ceramic properties. The following sections describe the important parameters for preparation of ceramic materials. 

Reaction conditions affect the final ceramic properties The proposed reaction sequence for solid state reaction from the mixed oxides is as follows ... 

Electronic structure calculations to determine the effects of impurities on ceramic properties... 

Electronic Structure Calculations to Determine Effects of Impurities on Ceramic Properties 257... 

Electronic Structure Calculations to Determine E ffects of Impurities on Ceramic Properties 2 Table I. Net charge of component atoms for ion-implanted -Si3N4. 

Control of ceramic properties through control of parameters. Variation of the reaction conditions affects product morphologies and bulk properties. Variation of pH, temperature, concentration, and chemical control of the rates of hydrolysis and condensation dramatically affect the final product. The complexity of the reactions involved often precludes a complete mechanistic understanding but the use of computer simulation and mathematical models to predict the behavior of the precursors under different conditions allows an insight into how the reaction might proceed and thus how the nature of the final product can be controlled. 

This entry will be divided into sections covering the classification of ceramics, a brief history of ceramics, raw materials for ceramics, properties and applications of ceramics, processing of ceramics, and a brief commentary on future trends. The field of ceramics is very broad and encompasses not only well-known, conventionally used materials and technology but also much newer compositions, processing methods, and applications. More detailed information on all of these sections is available in printed format and on the web.[ °- "l... 

An important class of ceramic materials is the "sialons" of variable composition (e.g. Sih. .AI.O.Nf,... r = 0 4). To a first approximation, these can be considered as solid solutions of A1303N and Si,N4. The more common structures are variants of Si3N4 or AIN, and a common feature is the SiN4 tetrahedron. Lanthanides are often incorporated to modify their structures and enhance their ceramic properties. These materials have been extensively reviewed elsewhere [187, 188, 189]. 

Cambridge Structural Database Carbon Dioxide Information Center Ceramic Properties Databases... 

Effect of Doped Sintering Aids for Nd(Mgo.5Tio.5)03 Microwave Dieiectric Ceramics Properties... 

---