Properties of Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas composed of N2 molecules. Its melting point is —210 °C, and its normal boiling point is —196 °C. 

The N2 molecule is verj unreactive because of the strong triple bond between nitrogen atoms (the N=N bond enthalpy is 941 kj/mol, nearly twice that for the bond in O2 Table 8.4). When substances burn in air, they normally react with O2 but not with N2. When magnesium burns in air, however, it reacts with N2 to form magnesium nitride (Mg3N2)  

A similar reaction occurs with lithium, forming Li3N. 

The nitride ion is a strong Bronsted—Lowry base and reacts with water to form ammonia  

The electron configuration of the nitrogen atom is [He]2s 2p. The element exhibits all formal oxidation states from -1-5 to —3 ( TABLE 22.6). The 3-5,0, and —3 oxidation states are the most common and generally the most stable of these. Because nitrogen is more electronegative than all other elements except fluorine, oxygen, and chlorine, it exhibits positive oxidation states only in combination with these three elements. 

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Concerning non-metallic compounds, the antiknocking properties of nitrogen compounds such that derivatives of aniline, indole and quinoline, and certain phenol derivatives have been mentioned. 

TABLE 2-289 Thermophysical Properties of Nitrogen (R728) at Atmospheric Pressure... 

R. Brown, Physical properties of nitrogen, in Mellor s Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Vol. 8, Suppl. 1, Nitrogen, Part 1, pp. 27-149, Longmans, London, 1964. 

Hopper, Study Explosive Properties of Nitrogen Sulphide and Compositions Containing It , PATR 919 (1938) 14) Ibid, PATR 978... 

Popov, C., Zambov, L. M., Plass, M. R, and Kulisch, W., Optical, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Nitrogen-rich Carbon Nitride Films Deposited by Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition," Thin Solid Films, Vol. 377-378,2000, pp. 156-162. 

In order to show how specific guidelines for the reactor layout can be derived, the maximum allowable micro-channel radius giving a temperature rise of less than 10 K was computed for different values of the adiabatic temperature rise and different reaction times. For this purpose, properties of nitrogen at 300 °C and 1 atm and a Nusselt number of 3.66 were assumed. The Nusselt number is a dimensionless heat transfer coefficient, defined as... 

Sakthivel, S., Janczarek, M., and Kisch, H. (2004) Visible light activity and photoelectrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped Ti02. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108 (50), 19384-19387. 

Wang, J.,Yin, S., Komatsu, M., Zhang, Q., Saito, F., and Sato, T. (2004) Photooxidation properties of nitrogen dopedSrTiOj made by mechanical activation. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 52 (1), 11-21. 

However, the physicochemical properties of nitrogen chloride give no grounds for the explanation of its stability under melt electrolysis conditions. The possibility of the formation of a chlorine derivative of carbamide according to the scheme ... 

Lindgren, T., Mwabora, J.M., Avendano, E., Jonsson, J., Hoel, A., Granqvist, C.G., and Lindquist, S.-E., Photoelectrochemical and optical properties of nitrogen doped titanium dioxide films prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering, /. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 5709, 2003. 

Two additional systems in which hydrogen bonds are expected to play a dominant role, ammonia-water complex and 2-aminoethanol, were calculated ab initio and by the new MM3 force field. Two ammonia-water complexes were considered, one with an N... H—O bridge (32) and the other with an O... H—N bridge (33). As expected from the relative H-donor/H-acceptor properties of nitrogen and oxygen, 32 was calculated... 

In summary, it may be concluded that the uncertainty in calculating absolute cross-sectional areas, the variation in cross-sectional areas with the BET C value and the fact that on porous surfaces less area is available for larger adsorbate molecules all point to the need for a universal, although possibly arbitrary, standard adsorbate. The unique properties of nitrogen have led to its acceptance in this role with an assigned cross-sectional area of 16.2 usually at its boiling point of —195.6 °C. 

The ammonium salts seem to form a special series of a different type to most of the other salts. This is connected with the general tendency of ammonium salts to form complex compounds, which in turn depends upon the peculiar properties of nitrogen—the mercury-ammonia compounds can be cited in illustration. Similar remarks apply to the ferro- and ferri-cyanides, etc. 

Carry out reactions characterizing the properties of nitrogen(III) oxide. 

It is tnc thai ionic compountb such as [NH ) [B(C6Hsh] are known in which there are no extremfy adjve metals or nonmetals. Nevertheless, the above statement b for afl practical purposes correct, and we can consider compounds such as ammonium trtrajrfienylbornle to result from the particular covalent bonding properties of nitrogen and boron. 

Other physical properties of nitrogen are given under Chemical Elements... 

K. von Auwers and co-workers studied the optical properties of nitrogen compounds and W. Stacker and R. Spitaler, the relation between the index of refraction and structure of organic oompounds. 

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