Morphology and Properties

Nickel—Iron. A large amount of nickel is used in alloy and stainless steels and in cast irons. Nickel is added to ferritic alloy steels to increase the hardenabihty and to modify ferrite and cementite properties and morphologies, and thus to improve the strength, toughness, and ductihty of the steel. In austenitic stainless steels, the nickel content is 7—35 wt %. Its primary roles are to stabilize the ductile austenite stmcture and to provide, in conjunction with chromium, good corrosion resistance. Nickel is added to cast irons to improve strength and toughness. 

PBT molding resins, 20 62-64, 64-65 PCT molding resins, 20 60-61 PET bottle resin process, 20 48-50 physical properties and morphology of, 20 71-73... 

Oppermann, W., Hirt, P. and Fritz, C Properties and morphology of polyester blends and of fibers made therefrom, Presentation given at the 37th International Man-made Fibers Congress, Dombim, Austria, September 15-17, 1999. 

This paper describes two types of novel urethane-acrylic IPNs for coating applications. The mode of preparation used was the simultaneous or SIN technique. In order to examine the effect of the soft segment on the properties and morphology of IPN coatings, the pendant hydroxy group in the hydroxyethylacrylate-butylmethacrylate copolymer was reacted with caprolactone to increase the chain length of the pendant hydroxy group. 

A variety of surface-sensitive spectroscopic and microscopic methods were critical in the investigation of these systems. In the work by Advincula et al, the composition, thickness, physical and thermal properties, and morphology of the tethered polymer brushes were carefully analyzed [72]. A variety of surface-sensitive techniques such as ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, AFM, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), FT-IR grazing incidence... 

H. Tsuji and Y. Ikada, Blends of aliphatic polyesters, i. physical properties and morphologies of solution-cast blends from poly(DL-lac-tide) and poly(f -ca prolactone),. Appl. Polym. Sci., 60(13) 2367-2375, June 1996. 

The volume percent of physical components of coal is used as an aid in the characterization of coal for use in carbonization, gasification, and combustion processes. To determine the volume percent of the physical components of coal (ASTM D-2799), the components in a representative crushed coal sample (ASTM D-2797) are identified under a microscope according to their reflectance, other optical properties, and morphology. The proportion of each component in the sample is determined by observation of a statistically adequate number of points and summing those representative of each component. Only area proportions of components are determined on a surface section of a sample. However, the area and volume proportions are the same when the components are distributed randomly throughout the sample. 

As mentioned earlier, there are a large variety of surface-modification techniques for achieving a desired surface architecture. Due to lack of sophisticated instrumental facilities, the researchers in the past had to compromise with techniques that were less surface-specific and offered little control over the process. However, with system automation, it is possible to develop surfaces with well-defined properties and morphologies, avoiding tedious processes. 

Ma, X., Sauer, J. A., and Hara, M. (1995). Poly(methyl methacrylate) based ionomers. 1. dynamic mechanical properties and morphology. Macromolecules 28, 3953-3962. 

To achieve consistent properties and morphology of semicrystalline plastics, nucleating agents are added to trigger a heterogeneous nucleation of the plastic melt and to give crystals of regular size. Nucleation can occur on the surface of some impurities in... 

Supramolecular chemistry is chemistry beyond the molecule. It requires the simultaneous, precise control during synthesis of chemical composition, physical properties, and morphology over considerable length scales. An important component is self-assembly, the buildup of molecular structures... 

Properties and Morphology of Amorphous Hydrocarbon Block Copolymers... 

Segmental Orientation, Physical Properties, and Morphology of Poly-e-Caprolactone Blends... 

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