Propargylic alcohols optically active

When simple aldehydes were converted to allylic alcohols, they could be transformed to the corresponding trichloroacetimidates and subjected to thermal rearrangement to provide aUyl amines. The aUyl amine functionality was also accessible from enantio-selective reduction of propargyl ketones followed by conversion to the phthalamide derivative and reduction of the triple bond. Ozonolysis of these substrates provided the corresponding a-amino methyl esters in good yield (eq 48). As with the allyl alcohols, optically active substrates were treated with ozone without loss of enantiopurity of the chiral center. 

The optically active propargylic and allylic alcohols thus obtained are important synthetic intermediates in the enantioselective synthesis of insect pheromones, prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and many other bioactive compounds (Scheme 6-26).53... 

Rearrangement of dienynols to vinylallene sulfoxides. A few years ago, Oka-mura et al. (11, 39) reported the rearrangement of a dienynol to an allenyldiene with transfer of chirality of the propargylic alcohol. This rearrangement has now been used for an enantioselective synthesis of a sesquiterpene, (+ )-sterpurene (3).Thus reaction of the optically active propargylic alcohol 1 with C6H,SC1 at 25° results in a vinylallene (a) that cyclizes to the optically active sulfoxide 2. Nickel-... 

When optically active allylic alcohol 6a and propargylic alcohol 6p were reacted with amides 2c and 2f, only racemic products 7ac, 7af, and 7pf were obtained (Scheme 2). The results suggested a mechanism through the formation of a carbe-nium intermediate. The observed racemization can also be ascribed to the reversibility of the present reaction. The result shown in Scheme 3 indicated that the reaction is reversible under the reaction conditions. When 7af was treated with 5 mol% of Bi(OTf)3 and KPF6 and 1 equiv of carbamate 2c, a mixture of 7af (28%) and 7ac (68%) was recovered after 1 h. The result suggested that Bi(OTf)3/KPF6 cleaved the C-N bond in 7af derived from sulfonamide 2f, and that 7ac is thermodynamically more stable than 7af. We assume that the desiccant (Drierite) had a beneficial effect on the reactions of substrates shown in Tables 10-12 because of the observed reversibility of the present reaction. In this reaction, the possibility... 

Scheme 2 Allylic (a) and propargylic (b) aminations using optically active alcohols 6a and 6p...

As described in the previous section, the ruthenium-catalyzed propargylic alkylation of propargylic alcohols with acetone afforded the corresponding alkylated products in high yields with complete selectivity [27]. When an optically active 1 -phenyl-2 -propyn-1 -ol was treated with acetone at room temperature in the presence of la as catalyst, only a racemic alkylated product was obtained [27]. This result... 

The catalytic propargylic alkylation was investigated in the presence of thiolate-bridged diruthenium complexes as catalysts generated in situ from reactions of [Cp RuCl(p2-Cl)]2 with optically active thiols prepared from the corresponding optically active alcohols [27]. Typical results for the reaction of 1-phenyl-2-propyn-l-ol with acetone in the presence of a variety of catalysts are shovm in Scheme 7.19. 

Asymmetric reduction of Myny ketones. The (Reform of the complex (1) reduces alkynyl ketones to optically active propargylic alcohols (usually R) in 65-85% chemical yield and in 85-95% optical yield use of the (S)-form of 1, as expected, results in the epimeric alcohol. This reduction was used in a synthesis of the natural Japanese beetle pheromone (2, equation I).1... 

P-Hydroxy carboxylic acids. Optically active jS-hydroxy carboxylic acids can be obtained from optically active propargyl alcohols (10, 320) such as 1 by the sequence shown in equation (I). The alcohols (1) can also be converted into optically active a-hydroxy carboxylic acids (equation II).1... 

Shortly after this initial success, the isolation of optically active propargyl alcohols in up to 99 % ee could be effected by the use of stoichiometric amounts of (-i-)-N-methyl ephedrine (1) (Eq. 7). A wide range of aldehydes and acetylenes participate in this addition reaction affording the product alcohols in generally high yields, especially when using aldehydes that are Ca-branched (Eq. 8). Of additional importance, the reaction can be performed with functionalized alkynes, which... 

Butenolides,1 Addition of the Schwartz reagent to a protected propargylic alcohol (2) followed by carbonylation provides an acyl zirconocene complex (3). This is not isolated but treated in situ with iodine to provide an intermediate (a) that cyclizes to a 3,5-disubstituted butenolide (4). Optically active substrates undergo this sequence with no loss of optical purity. 

Three different strategies have been envisaged. The chiral information can either be incorporated into the alkyne or linked to the heteroatom or to the a,/ -unsaturated substituent at the carbene complex carbene carbon. High diastereoselectivities (57a 57b >96 4) have been observed in reactions of vinyl carbene complex 55 with the chiral propargylic ether 56 bearing the bulky trityloxy substituent [57a]. A more general approach is based on chiral alcohols incorporated into the alkoxycarbene complex. Upon benzannulation with tert-butylethyne, the menthyloxy carbene complex 58 gave a diastereoselectivity of 10 1 in favor of the naphthalene tricarbonylchromium complex 59a [57c, 57d]. Finally, the tandem benzannulation-Mitsunobu reaction of optically active carbene complex 60 with 5-hexyn-l-ol afforded the anti-benzoxepine complex 61 as the only diastereomer (Scheme 23) [57b]. 

The reaction has been extensively used for the synthesis of a-amino acids (entries 3-5),559 //-/ -amino alcohols (entry 6),560 aminophenol (entry 7),561 optically active A-substituted glycines (entries 7 and 8),562 a-hydrazinocarboxylic acids (entry 9),563 A-sulfinyl and A-alkoxy-a-amino acids (entries 10 and ll),564 and propargyl amines (entry 12).565... 

The most popular methods of preparing optically active l-octyn-3-ol involve asymmetric reduction of l-octyn-3-one with optlcally-active alcohol complexes of lithium aluminum hydride or aluminum hydride. These methods give optical purities and chemical yields similar to the method reported above. A disadvantage of these metal-hydride methods is that some require exotic chiral alcohols that are not readily available in both enantiomeric forms. Other methods include optical resolution of the racemic propargyl alcohol (100 ee) (and Note 11) and microbial asymmetric hydrolysis of the propargyl acetates (-15% ee for l-heptyn-3-ol)... 

Acetylenic ketones are important synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of natural products. Optically active propargyl alcohols of either configuration are readily available in high optical purity by asymmetric reduction of propargyl ketones with B-3-pinanyl-9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane761 (Eq. 31). 

Of particular interest is that reaction of optically active propargyl alcohols results in optically active allenes. An example is the synthesis of both enantiomers of 5 from (S)-or (R)-3. 

Homologation of acetylenes to allenes. A one-pot homologation of acetylenes to allenes involves reaction of an acetylenic compound with formaldehyde (1.6 equiv.), diisopropyl amine (1.2 equiv.), and copper(l) bromide at reflux in dioxane or THF (equation I). Other amines and metal salts can be employed, but diisopropylamine and copper(I) bromide give the most satisfactory results (26-97% yields). The reaction is general only for terminal acetylenes and is successful with propargylic alcohols, ethers, and acetates. Racemization is not observed with optically active... 

Enantioselective Addition of Alkynyllithium to Aldehydes. The enantioselective addition of alkynyllithium to aldehydes in the presence of (1) provides optically active propargylic alcohols. (5)-l-Phenyl-2-propyn-l-ol with 92% ee is obtained in 87% yield from the enantioselective addition of Lithium (Trimethylsi-lyl)acetylide to PhCHO in the presence of (1) and the subsequent removal of the MesSi group (eq 3). "... 

Optically active aliphatic propargylic alcohols are converted to corticoids (90% ee) via biomimetic polyene cyclization, and to 5-octyl-2(5ii)-furanone. The ee s of propargylic alcohols obtained by this method are comparable with those of the enantioselective reduction of alkynyl ketones with metal hydrides, catalytic enantioselective alkylation of alkynyl aldehydes with dialkyIzincs using a chiral catalyst ((S)-Diphenyl(l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol) (DPMPM), and the enantioselective alkynylation of aldehydes with alkynylzinc reagents using A(A-dialkylnorephedrines. °... 

The latter reaction was applied to asymmetric allylation with optically active allylic siliconates (Sch. 57) [100]. Regioselective preparation of both propargylic and allenic alcohols was achieved by Kobayashi [101]. The high regioselectivities are ascribed to the selective formation of propargylic and allenic trichlorosilanes (77 and 78) by means of CuCl- Pr2NEt and Ni[CH3C(0)CHC(0)0Et]2-pmp systems (Sch. 58). 

Alkynylepoxides [123,142,143 Eq. (68) 142] and alkynyl propiolactones [Eq. (69) 144] afforded allenyl-alcohols or allenyl-carboxylic acids. Diastereoselective ring opening of alkynylepoxides has been studied [143,145]. The use of optically active propargyl substrates enables the synthesis of optically active allenes [Eq. (70) 146] [10,140,145-147]. A subtle change of the reaction medium may drastically change the degree of chirality transfer, which has been systematically examined [145]. 

Acetals prepared from chiral diols and carbonyl compounds serve as a chiral synthetic equivalent of aldehydes or ketones. 1,3-Dioxanes synthesized from chiral 2,4-pentanediols are especially useful, and high asymmetric inductions are observed in the Lewis acid promoted reactions of a variety of organometallic compounds. After the removal of the chiral auxiliary by the oxidation and -elimination procedures, optically active alcohols are obtained. Optically active propargylic alcohols and cyanohydrins are synthesized from organosilane compounds, TMS-C CR or TMS-CN in the presence of TiCU (Scheme 24). 1 6-138 Reactive wganometals such as alkyl-lithiums, -magnesiums or -coppers also react with chiral... 

Alkynic ketones have been used extensively in natural product synthesis, due in large part to the contributions of Midland and coworkers and the development of generd methods for enantioselective reduction of this moiety to afford optically active propargyl alcohols using chiral trialkylboranes. Furthermore, the derived alkynic alcohol is a versatile system which can be manipulated directly into cis-or rra 5-allylic alcohols and as a precursor for vinylorganometallic species. This section will briefly cover progress made in the direct acylation of alkynic organolithiums with the acylation protocol d veloped by Weinreb (see also Section 1.13.2.7). 

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