Promoters Mucin

According to some authors, the success in the establishment of infection by the oral route is associated with the expression of gp82, a surface glycoprotein, which binds to mucin and gastric epithelial cells. This molecule promotes the entrance of trypomastigotes through a cascade reaction that culminates with the mobilization of intracellular calcium (Ruiz et al., 1998). 

The columnar epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa actively absorb and secrete extracellular ions, nutrients, and water. The active secretion of ions by these cells with an accompanying fluid flux acts to dilute and purge microorganisms or toxins in the bowel promotes the transfer of secretory immunoglobulin A, antimicrobial defensin peptides, and mucin into intestinal mucus and the gut lumen and, by affecting intraluminal pH, may alter the growth characteristics of enteric microflora [121]. Mucosal secretion is modulated by several enteric neurotransmitters, as well as inflammatory mediators released by mucosal mast cells that may affect transport indirectly through their ability to stimulate enteric neurons [122],... 

Patients with exposure keratopathy may develop filamentary keratitis.The dry eye can cause corneal irregularities and increased mucin, which promotes the formation of fine epithelial and mucous strands that are attached to... 

Piccinini reported a nitrogen retention-promoting effect in normal and hypophysectomized rats of hog mucin rich in blood oup substances (P7, P8). Cresseri et al. noted retention of amino acid nitrogen in rats treated parenterally with mucin preparations and vitamin B12 (C27). 

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KlM-1) is a type 1 transmembrane protein with an immunoglobulin and mucin domain. The KlM-1 ectodomain is cleaved, shed from cells, detectable in urine, and reflects renal damage [298]. The cleavage of KlM-1 is mediated by ERK activation and is accelerated by p38 MAP kinase activation [299]. KlM-1 is not expressed in the normal kidney but is markedly up-regulated in renal proximal tubule cells by stimuli that promote dedifferentiation, including ischemic and toxic [300,301] injury. Because it is expressed in proliferating and dedifferentiated... 

The VSG gl cocalyx provides a diffusion barrier, thus preventing complement-mediated lysis. The i ous PARPs serve as lectin-binding ligands within the ffy. The surfiice coat primarily seems to have a protective function and the sialylation of the mucins provide extra ability to survive in different environments. Sialylation is proposed to reduce the susceptibility of the parasite to anti-a-Gal antibodies present in the mammalian bloodstream. The heavily sialydated coat may also provide a structural barrier to other lytic agents encormtered by the parasite as well as promote adherence to the mactopha and modulate the production of NO and cytokines. ... 

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