Programs of the Brain

These eiTors occur, not in spite of the fact that someone is well-trained but because he or she is well-trained. Routine operations are relegated to the lower levels of the brain and are not continuously monitored by tbe conscious mind. We would never get through the day if everything we did required our full attention. When the normal pattern or program of actions is interrupted for any reason, errors are likely to occur. These slips are very similar to those we make in everyday life. Reason and Mycielska [1] have described the psychology of such slips. 

This research was supported by the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF) through ARC and Brain Korea 21 Project in 2004. 

It contracts in response to an impulse of its motor nerve. In executing motor programs, the brain sends impulses to the spinal cord. These converge on a-moto-neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal medulla. Efferent axons course, bundled in motor nerves, to skeletal muscles. Simple reflex contractions to sensory stimuli, conveyed via the dorsal roots to the motoneurons, occur without participation of the brain. Neural circuits that propagate afferent impulses into the spinal cord contain inhibitory interneurons. These serve to prevent a possible overexcitation of motoneurons (or excessive muscle contractions) due to the constant barrage of sensory stimuli. 

The existence of the blood-brain barrier is an important consideration in the chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases of the brain or meninges. Poor drug penetration into the CNS has been a major cause of treatment failure in acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Treatment programs for this disease now routinely employ craniospinal irradiation and intrathecally administered methotrexate as prophylactic measures for the prevention of relapses. The testes also are organs in which inadequate antitumor drug distribution can be a cause of relapse of an otherwise responsive tumor. 

This work was supported by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, the Brain Korea 21 program of the Ministry of Education, and by the National Research Laboratory Program (2000-N-NL-01-C-237) of the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). 

To understand this apparent paradox, we need to recognize that movement is programmed by the brain at many levels. The upper level of the brain, which gives us voluntary control over movement during waking, is pretty much out of the loop during sleep. The lower brain structures, many of which are necessary for movement,... 

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computer programs designed to model the relationships between independent and dependent variables. They are based on the attempt to model the neural networks of the brain [50], Functions are performed collectively and in parallel by the units, rather than there being a clear delineation of subtasks to which various units are assigned. 

In contrast, the program of the Revolution to abolish forever the privileges relating to property could not be accomplished. This objective was condemned to fail for a simple reason. To live in a society is a chance to surpass qualitatively the performance of its individuals. The essential aim is to be more productive. The main function of the society is its distributional activity. The condition sine qua non for the productivity of a community is to give everybody free scope for his abilities and to bestow special care on talent. It belongs to the physiology of the brain that there is an enormous variation in abilities and only a minority has talent. Thus, the contradiction between Liberty and Equality is a natural endowment. To minimize the consequences of this natural contradic-... 

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