Profile fabricating processes

Keeping abrupt profiles of dopants is also required to apply the FLA technique to solar cell fabrication process. Figure 11.8 shows secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profiles of Cr and P atoms in the bottom layers and of B in the surface doping layer of p-i-n Si stacked films before and after FLA, the structure of which is also schematically shown [34]. The abrupt profiles of the surface B atoms as well as of the bottom Cr and P atoms are maintained after FLA, which results from millisecond-order rapid annealing, and shows the possibility of immediate formation of p-i—n poly-Si structure with only one irradiation of flash lamp for p-i-n stacked a-Si layers. 

Fig.4 gives the SEM micrographs of the FGM specimen. From Fig.4a,4b, the layered profile is clear. The SEM micrograph of the FGM interface between the 4th and the 5th layer is shown in Fig. 4c, the transition crossing the layer interface is smooth, no cracks and pores are observed. It is indicated that the expected des has been achieved during the fabrication process. 

The profile of the fabricated cantilevers was measured with a confocal microscope, to check the initial curvature generated during the fabrication process. A measured profile is shown in Fig. 3C. This profile shows that the cantilever is flat however, a biasing due to stresses at the anchoring area can be observed see Note 11). 

In a typical formulation, an ethylene-n-butyl-acrylate-carbon monoxide (60/30/10) terpolymer (60 wt%) is melt compounded with plasticized PVC (40 wt%) in a twin-screw extruder and the ethylene terpolymer dispersion cured in situ during the mixing by catalytic amounts of a suitable peroxide (0.3%) and a bismaleimide crosslink promoter (0.2%). The extruded pellets of the elastomeric blend can be used in conventional melt fabrication processes such as profile extrusion, extrusion coating, milling and calendering of sheets, injection and/or compression molding. 

In an early study by Lin et al., insulin-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) microcapsules were synthesized by an emulsification-solvent evaporation process originally reported by Beck et al. Several parameters in the synthesis process were modified with the intention of optimizing the insulin release profile. Such modifications included variations in types, concentrations, and viscosities of protective colloids used in the emulsification process. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), when used as the protective colloid in the fabrication process, was found to produce the PLA microparticles in reproducible quality. Further studies revealed that the concentration PVA directly affects the PLA particle size and the surface characteristics of the microcapsules. With higher concentrations of PVA, microparticles tended to be smaller and to have a smoother surface. When the release profiles of the microcapsules were stud-... 

Figure 2.5 schematically represents cross-sectional profiles of these fabrication processes, where (1) Shape A-only structures are fabricated in the first layer, (2) Shape B-only structures are fabricated in the second layer, and (3) stacked structures have Shapes A and B in the first and second layers, respectively. The lower... 

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