Profile fabricating processes continued

Although many studies have been reported on the FGM fabrication process, at present it is still difficult to prepare an ideal FGM with a continuous distribution of composition and/or structure in a designed profile. It is expected that new developments in the FGM process will greatly stimulate the investigation... 

Ram extrusion is the only continuous process for fabrication of parts from granular PTFE powders. All the required steps of granular processing are performed in one machine called a ram extruder. The most common shapes are solid round rods and tubes. Rectangular rods, L-shaped cross sections, and other ram extrudable profiles are occasionally fabricated. 

The surface profilometer software calculates numerous parameters from the surface roughness profile. As the Advanced Processing Program continues, the research effort will be focused on detennining which of these roughness parameters or additional spectral analysis (max peak/unit distance, fractal dimension, etc.) are predictive of mechanical behavior, and relating them to fabrication variables. 

Because of the tighter process controllability and molecular-scale profile control requirement, the wide range of new technical options is being implemented in the modem CMP processes. In order to continue a successfiil implementation of CMP processes for advanced semiconductor fabrication, the entire CMP community needs every effort to innovate the next generafion of CMP technology (Figure 1.30). 

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