Productivity tropical grasses

The overall eSiciency is then 5.5 % (6.6%). In practice, the efficiency is lower even very productive tropical grasses such as sugar cane do not yield crops at efficiencies of more then 0.6% on an annual basis [224]. The water hyacinth, which is considered to be one of the most efficient solar energy converters, reaches... 

Fig. 11-8. Net primary productivity (NPP) typified response of plants to changes in the atmospheric C02 concentration. [Adapted from Berry (1975).] C3 and C4 plants differ in their photosynthetic mechanism. The former generate a three-carbon carboxylic acid (phosphogly-ceric acid) as the first identifiable photosynthetic product the latter form first a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid (oxaloacetic acid) see Devlin and Barker (1971) for details. Examples for C4 plants are tropical grasses such as maize, sorghum, and sugar cane. All forest species are C3 plants.

Production By steam distillation of the tropical grasses Cymbopogon flexuosus (so-called East Indian L.) or C. citratus (so-called West Indian L.). The main areas of cultivation for the East Indian variety are India and for the West Indian variety Central and South America. 

Vetiver olli Viscous, brown to reddish brown oil with a heavy, very adherent, earthy, slightly acidic, woody, balsamy odor, often with a fatty-moldy head note. Production By steam distillation from the roots of the tropical grass species Vetiveria zizanioides (Poaceae). Origins Reunion ( Bourbon ), Haiti, Indonesia, Brazil, China, India. The yearly world-wide production is probably about 2001. 

Rumen protein degradabUity in tropical grasses Comparison of results obtained using fluorimetric and colorimetric O-phthalaldehyde assays for degradation products... 

Lakes, rivers, swamps, and marshes - common in temperate areas - contribute little to the diversity of natural products. Abundant dull-green grass and dull-colored fish and moUusks characterize lakes and rivers, in contrasts with the vivid colors of tropical fish and seaweeds. Haplosclerid sponges are occasionally abundant in freshwater, but their secondary metabolism is limited to demospongic acids (Dembisky 1994), in contrast with the variety of metabolites from marine sponges in the same order. Where not for cyanobacteria (which are as rich of unusual metabolites as the marine strains), tropical amphibians, and aquatic fimgi, freshwater ecosystems would have passed unnoticed in this book. 

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