Product development plan

The way many companies identify resource requirements is to solicit resource budgets from each department covering a 1 to 5 year period. However, before the managers can prepare budgets they need to know what requirements they will have to meet. They will need access to the corporate plans, sales forecasts, new product development plans, marketing plans, production plans, etc. as well as the quality policies, objectives, and procedures. 

One of the first steps is to develop a reasonable and rational initial product development plan. Hasty or bare-bones process development frequently causes significant delay during the clinical study phase and during preparation of the BLA [27]. Included in the firm s overall planning should be a validation master plan, a top-to-bottom validation effort that... 

The team must establish the uniqueness of the product and how they plan to differentiate the product from the competition. A good competitive technology position calls for the proposed product to offer performance, cost, or quality advantages. In addition, a product development plan must be completed, outlining the technical milestones to commercialization. The team should have developed the product to the pre-piloting optimization stage before the start of production in the pilot plant. 

A wide variety of nebulizers are now available. They all have their own physicochemical properties. In the absence of the ability to quantitate lung deposition, most modem labels specify the combination of a new dmg with particular nebulizer device (the labeling for alpha-domase was the first to exhibit this change in regulatory policy). The corollary is that product development plans should decide, as early as possible, which nebulizer is intended for the marketplace, and that device should be used in all inhalational toxicology studies and subsequent clinical trials. 

Set an overall strategy for the organization. In addition to supply chain considerations, this should include a vision, a project charter, financial objectives, possible mergers and acquisitions, product development plans, and operations improvement. 

Time-phased merchandising/NPD (new product development) plan — multi-season... 

Schertel, S., 1998. New Product Development Planning and Scheduling of the Merchandising Calendar (Master Dissertation). North Carohna State University. 

MU. (1986). Tourist product development plan. Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry. 

This Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production is going to take you through all of the major stages In the life of an oil or gas field from exploration, through appraisal, development planning, production, and finally to decommissioning. 

Keywords exploration, appraisal, feasibility, development planning, production profile, production, abandonment, project economics, cash flow... 

Once the field development plan (FDP) is approved, there follows a seguence of activities prior to the first production from the field ... 

Development planning and production are usually based on the expected production profile which depends strongly on the mechanism providing the driving force in the reservoir. The production profile will determine the facilities required and the number and phasing of wells to be drilled. The production profile shown in Figure 1.1 is characterised by three phases ... 

The non-hydrocarbon components of crude oil may be small in volume percent, typically less than 1 %, but their influence on the product quality and the processing requirements can be considerable. It is therefore important to identify the presence of these components as early as possible, and certainly before the field development planning stage, to enable the appropriate choice of processing facilities and materials of construction to be made. 

Figure 5.21 helps to explain how the phase diagrams of the main types of reservoir fluid are used to predict fluid behaviour during production and how this influences field development planning. It should be noted that there are no values on the axes, since in fact the scales will vary for each fluid type. Figure 5.21 shows the relative positions of the phase envelopes for each fluid type. 

Introduction and Commercial Application The reservoir and well behaviour under dynamic conditions are key parameters in determining what fraction of the hydrocarbons initially in place will be produced to surface over the lifetime of the field, at what rates they will be produced, and which unwanted fluids such as water are also produced. This behaviour will therefore dictate the revenue stream which the development will generate through sales of the hydrocarbons. The reservoir and well performance are linked to the surface development plan, and cannot be considered in isolation different subsurface development plans will demand different surface facilities. The prediction of reservoir and well behaviour are therefore crucial components of field development planning, as well as playing a major role in reservoir management during production. 

The production profile for oil or gas is the only source ofrevenueior most projects, and making a production forecast is of key importance for the economic analysis of a proposal (e.g. field development plan, incremental project). Typical shapes of production profile for the main drive mechanisms were discussed in Section 8.2, but this section will provide some guidelines on how to derive the rate of build-up, the magnitude and duration of the plateau, the rate of decline, and the abandonment rate. 

The type of development, type and number of development wells, recovery factor and production profile are all inter-linked. Their dependency may be estimated using the above approach, but lends itself to the techniques of reservoir simulation introduced in Section 8.4. There is never an obvious single development plan for a field, and the optimum plan also involves the cost of the surface facilities required. The decision as to which development plan is the best is usually based on the economic criterion of profitability. Figure 9.1 represents a series of calculations, aimed at determining the optimum development plan (the one with the highest net present value, as defined in Section 13). 

At the stage of field development planning, reservoir simulation would normally be used to generate production profiles and well requirements for a number of subsurface development options, for each of which different surface development options would be evaluated and costs estimated. 

The operations group will develop general operating and maintenance objectives for the facilities which will address product quality, costs, safety and environmental issues. At a more detailed level, the mode of operations and maintenance tor a particular project will be specified in the field development plan. Both specifications will be discussed in this section, which will focus on the input of the production operations and maintenance departments to a field development plan. The management of the field during the producing period is discussed in Section 14.0. 

When preparing a Field Development Plan (FDP), the production operations department will become involved in setting out the way in which the field will be operated, with specific reference to areas such as those shown in the following table ... 

Utilities systems support production operations, and should also be addressed when putting together a field development plan. Some examples of these are ... 

At the development planning stage, a reservoir mode/will have been constructed and used to determine the optimum method of recovering the hydrocarbons from the reservoir. The criteria for the optimum solution will most likely have been based on profitability and safety. The model Is Initially based upon a limited data set (perhaps a seismic survey, and say five exploration and appraisal wells) and will therefore be an approximation of the true description of the field. As development drilling and production commence, further data is collected and used to update both the geological model (the description of the structure, environment of deposition, diagenesis and fluid distribution) and the reservoir model (the description of the reservoir under dynamic conditions). 

The reservoir model will usually be a computer based simulation model, such as the 3D model described in Section 8. As production continues, the monitoring programme generates a data base containing information on the performance of the field. The reservoir model is used to check whether the initial assumptions and description of the reservoir were correct. Where inconsistencies between the predicted and observed behaviour occur, the model is reviewed and adjusted until a new match (a so-called history match ) is achieved. The updated model is then used to predict future performance of the field, and as such is a very useful tool for generating production forecasts. In addition, the model is used to predict the outcome of alternative future development plans. The criterion used for selection is typically profitability (or any other stated objective of the operating company). 

In Section 13.2, it was suggested that opex is estimated at the development planning stage based upon a percentage of cumulafive capex (fixed opex) plus a cosf per barrel of hydrocarbon production (variable opex). This method has been widely applied, with the percentages and cost per barrel values based on previous experience in the area. One obvious flaw in this method is that as oil production declines, so does the estimate of opex, which is nof the common experience as equipment ages it requires more maintenance and breaks down more frequently. 

Drilling Production Operations Maintenance Development / Planning... 

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