Processing microorganism

Carbonaceous Deoxygenation. In this process microorganisms, principally bacteria, enzymatically mediate oxidation of simple and complex organic substances according to first order decay kinetics. 

Since the environmental degradation of polyethylene starts with abiotic oxidation, the determination of abiotic oxidation products is an important step towards establishing the environmental degradation mechanisms and environmental impact of the material. In a secondary process, microorganisms may utilise these abiotic degradation products and the low molecular weight... 

Vitamin D2 is formed by photochemical cleavage of ergosterin, which is a side-product of many fermentation processes. Microorganisms usually contain up to 3 percent of ergosterin. 

In addition, because the initial transport of aminoglycosides into bacterial cells is an oxygen-dependent process, microorganisms that are able to grow under anaerobic conditions show or develop resistance. Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and, for this reason, they are administered intramuscularly. Furthermore, because they do not penetrate the CNS, they may have to... 

In addition, because the initial transport of aminoglycosides into bacterial cells is an oxygen-dependent process, microorganisms that are able to grow under anaerobic conditions show or develop resistance. 

From the viewpoint of the microorganism, the art of fermentation represents an inefficient and wasteful process. Microorganisms have evolved over the years, developing better and better mechanisms to prevent overproduction of their metabolites. Yet we microbiologists... 

Electron microscopy, in fact has initiated and stimulated biochemical research since it has demonstrated that a cell is organized in compartments in which certain biochemical processes take place, and this is necessary in order to get optimal conditions for biochemical processes. Microorganisms for example, which have no compartments, are just within the size limit in which biochemical processes can proceed effectively. In recent years electron microscopy, especially low temperature techniques and immunolabelling, taught us how dynamic the organization of a cell is, and this should be taken into consideration when studying biochemical processes in vitro. 

Fed-batch and continuous modes of operation require agitation, either to mix in fresh substrates or nutrients, or to move the substrate bed along the bioreactor from inlet to outlet. Therefore these modes of bioreactor operation can only be used if the process microorganism tolerates mixing. 

In biological wastewater treatment processes microorganisms are able to store large amounts of polymers, which play an important role in their metabolism. In some processes the amount of PHA accumulated inside the biomass can account for almost 60 % of the dry weight. This yield is lower than the maximum value reported for industrial PHA production by pure cultures (85 % of the cell dry weight). However, PHA production by... 

Of course, natural fibers like wool and cotton are broken down through biotic processes. Microorganisms have evolved enzymes that attack key bonds in these natural polymers, thereby releasing monomers that can be used as carbon and energy sources for microbial growth. In contrast, microorganisms lack enzymes to break down many synthetic fibers, thus these materials persist and accumulate in the environment. 

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