Microorganisms process

Biotransformation Product Final product Indication Reaction type Microorganism Process Ref. 

General Microorganisms Process Aspects Summary of BDN Advances... 

Potential treatment and disposal methods for drilling fluids include (1) fluid ejection, (2) pit and solids encapsulation, (3) injection into safe formations, (4) removal to disposal sites off location, (5) incineration, (6) microorganism processing, and (7) distillation, liquid extraction, and chemical fixation [13]. 

Product Precursor Microorganism Process data Remarks References... 

Kowalska, M., Bodzek, M. and Bohdziewicz, J. 1998. Biodegradation of phenols and cyanides using membranes with immobilized microorganisms. Process Biochemistry, 33,189-197. 

Zhao, X., Wang, Y. M. Ye, Z. F. 2006. Oil field wastewater treatment in Biological Aerated Filter by immobilized microorganisms. Process Biochem. 41(7) 1475-1483. 

The amount of oxygen used in the degradation process is called the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A standard test has been devised to measure BOD in which the oxygen utilized by microorganisms in contact with the wastewater over a 5-day period at 20°C is measured. 

With the proper ratio of nutrients and oxygen feed, a water-soluble polymer is produced and accompanied by growth in the microorganism population. Both contribute to the viscosity of the medium and this limits the production process. Fermentation processes require more strenuous mixing and control conditions. 

Maturation is conducted in closed, full containers to prevent oxidation and aerobic growth of microorganisms. Etee air contact with low alcohol wine soon leads to vinegar. Except for those sherry types already mentioned, wines ate exposed to air minimally and temporarily. During transfers incident to bulk storage and processing, some air exposure is almost inevitable, mote in total the longer the wine is held. In the cases of white and pink table wines, it is ordinarily as neat zero as possible, and stainless steel or other impermeable containers, inert gas headspace, etc ate employed. Red wines withstand and even benefit from small but repeated exposures to air. 

Acrolein at a concentration of <500 ppm is also used to protect Hquid fuels against microorganisms. The dialkyl acetals of acrolein are also useful in this apphcation. In addition, the growth of algae, aquatic weeds, and moUusks in recirculating process water systems is also controlled by acrolein. 

Ingredients used in pet foods are usually high in nutritional quaHty but generally not desirable as human foods primarily because they do not conform to human taste or processing expectations. By-products such as rendered proteins and fat converted into pet foods may have a derivation unappealing to humans, yet after processing may actually be more free of microorganisms and toxins than foods consumed by humans. 

Strain development programs can mn into millions of doUars. This combined with the status of the strain in the overall process makes the strains extremely valuable and manufacturers rarely deposit useful cultures in one of the commercial coUections (14). Nevertheless, commercial coUections exist and are a very valuable, often used source of microorganisms that have shown some promise of producing smaU or minute quantities of products having real or possible commercial appHcations. These strains are often useful in augmenting in-house activities or as starters for a development program. 

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