Process petrochemical/biotechnology

Keywords MOO Applications, Process Design, Process Operation, Biotechnology, Pood Industry, Petroleum Refining, Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Polymerization. 

In a multi-phase catalytic reactor, the reacting species are dissolved in two different fluid phases (e.g., in a gas-liquid system or in liquid-liquid system) which are separated by a phase interface, and the catalyst is located in one of the fluid phases or in a dissolved form (as for example an homogeneous catalyst) or as a third heterogeneous phase (e.g., a solid phase). When a gas-liquid system is in the presence of a solid phase catalyst, the reactor is referred to as a three-phase reactor. Multi-phase reactors represent one of the most important classes of chemical reactors and they are widely used in many industrial sectors, as for example chemical, petrochemical, biotechnological, pharmaceutical and food processing industries (Barnett, 2006 Biardi and Baldi, 1999 Henkel, 2000 Nauman, 2008). Multi-phase reactors have typical industrial application in ... 

Biotechnology Petrochemical processing Waste oil treatment Textile processing Paper and pulp processing Metal cleaners reuse... 

A general review of continuous processing/process intensification in the pharmaceutical industry has been made by Rubin ef a. [22], while the use of PI novel technologies to reshape the petrochemical and biotechnology industries has been analyzed by Hahn [23] and Akay [24], respectively. Recent advances in biotechnology process intensification have also been reviewed by Choe ef al. [25] and Akay et al. [26]. The use of monoliths as biocatalytic reactors to achieve PI by smart gas-liquid contact has been reviewed by Kreutzer ef al. [27]. 

Membrane-based separation processes are today finding widespread, and ever increasing use in the petrochemical, food and pharmaceutical industries, in biotechnology, and in a variety of environmental applications, including the treatment of contaminated air and water streams. The most direct advantages of membrane separation processes, over their more conventional counterparts (adsorption, absorption, distillation, etc.), are reported to be energy savings, and a reduction in the initial capital investment required. 

Separation processes are central to the petroleum, chemical, petrochemical, pulp, pharmaceutical, mineral, and other industries. Major portions of capital and operating expenses of such industries are associated with one or more separation processes consequently, the impact of separation process technology on corporate profitability is great in most of these industries. The growth of new industries, based on biotechnology or electronics, for example, requires the development of new separation techniques and application of historically successful technology in new environments. 

Table 14.5 presents a sample of subjects that can be solved by means of public information. Most of the subjects are of petrochemical nature, more suited for the fully application of the methodology developed in this book. However, processes in speciality chemicals, biotechnologies or environmental engineering could be envisaged. The list contains also examples of design problems based on the internal scientific research. 

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