Process intensification regarding

If the desired composite nanostructure can be achieved through a fast functionalization, the HPPF technique offers further possibilities for process intensification regarding the miniemulsion polymerization. The main idea is depicted in Fig. 16. Instead of time consuming batch-functionalization prior to the emulsification, the... 

Process intensification can bring many benefits regarding business, legislative, and environmental aspects and is therefore very worthwhile to be implemented. 

Process Intensification provides a new incentive in the assessment of chemical processes. In this report a gas-liquid reaction forms the basis of a comparison between conventional and novel reactor concepts. The considered reaction can be applied in all of the described reactor concepts, in some cases however a process modification is needed. For the application of Process Intensification a good insight is required for both the reaction as well as the tools (reactor systems) in which the reaction is being applied. Regarding the novel reactor concepts however design data are scarce, which induces uncertainties to come to a correct validation of the potentials. 

In view of Process Intensification it seems worthwhile to perform a benchmark test by using a model system. It should be noted that detailed information of this system should be available regarding the intrinsic kinetics as well as the vapour-liquid equilibria. The performance as well as the PI potentials of a novel reactor can thus be studied with the aid of these data. 

Combining process intensification-driven manufacture of microstructured reactors and process design regarding to industrial dimensions and environment. 

Copiride Combining Process Intensification-Driven Manufacture of Microstructured Reactors and Process Design Regarding to Industrial Dimensions and Environment, http //www.copiride.eu/ (accessed 16 November 2012). 

Finally, Loeb and coworkers investigated the bromination of m-nitrotoluene at elevated temperatures (170-230 °C) and pressures (up to 15 bar) to synthesize the corresponding benzyl bromide via side-chain bromination [26-28] (which, of course, is not electrophilic aromatic substitution in the true sense, as predominantly regarded in this chapter). In comparison with the macroscopic process, the reaction could be drastically accelerated in microreactors, thus enhancing the space-time yield by a factor of 18. A further process intensification was achieved by running the... 

Although not at the intensified scale of the nitric acid plant described above, some regard reactive distillation as the most widely applied process intensification technique today... . The review by Harmsen (2007) cites 146 units in operation in 2006, based upon the technology of CDTECH. The technology is discussed in Chapter 5. 

The chemicals (bulk, fine and pharmaceutical) and offshore industrial sectors are not the sole preserves of process intensification, as has already been illustrated in this book. In this chapter the reader is introduced to other process industry sectors where PI has made significant inroads into unit operations. Some sectors adopted intensification techniques in advance of the chemical industry (e.g. nuclear reprocessing), others pioneered techniques, such as ultrasonics, decades before they became accepted in areas such as chemical reaction intensification (e.g. in metallurgy). The food sector uses microwaves routinely for speeding up cooking processes, and effluent treatment can benefit from oscillatory baffle reactors. Aerospace, although perhaps not regarded as a process industry, is also included in this chapter. 

Selectivity and specificity are important performance characteristics of analytical procedures, especially in connection with validation processes. Nevertheless, both terms are used mostly verbal and a quantification is avoided, as a rule (IUPAC see Vessman et al. [2001]). Moreover, the concepts of selectivity and specificity are used interchangeably and synonymously. Occasionally, specificity is regarded as an intensification of selectivity, viz. the ultimate of selectivity (den Boef and Hulanicki [1983] Persson and Vessman [1998, 2001] Prichard et al. [2001]). 

As discussed later regarding the role of multiphase operations for homogeneous catalysis, research has been focused mainly on the issue of recyclability of homogeneous catalysts. Relevant progress has been made in this aspect, but the other problem, which could be indicated as intensification of homogeneous catalysis processes, is the issue that should be solved, at least for medium-large scale industrial productions. 

The foregoing indicates that the ideal process characteristic for the application of intensification is that the reaction or phase change kinetics should be as fast as possible. If we regard the H2/O2 rocket motor as a chanical reactor, its performance is very definitely limited by heat and mass transfer considerations. Nevertheless the very fast combustion kinetics allows residence times of several milliseconds and... 

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