Reactor novel, concepts

Novel Concepts in Catalysis and Chemical Reactors Improving the Eficiencyfor the Future. 

Novel Concepts in Catalysis and Chemical Reactors Improving the Efficiency for the Future. Edited by Andrzej Cybulski, Jacob A. Moulijn, and Andrzej Stankiewicz Copyright 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN 978-3-527-32469-9... 

Prat, L., Devatine, A., Cognet, P., Cabassud, M., Gourdon, C., Elgue, S., and Chopard, E. (2005) Performance evaluation of a novel concept open plate reactor applied... 

While catalytic HDM results in a desirable, nearly metal-free product, the catalyst in the reactor is laden with metal sulfide deposits that eventually result in deactivation. Loss of catalyst activity is attributed to both the physical obstruction of the catalyst pellets pores by deposits and to the chemical contamination of the active catalytic sites by deposits. The radial metal deposit distribution in catalyst pellets is easily observed and understood in terms of the classic theory of diffusion and reaction in porous media. Application of the theory for the design and development of HDM and HDS catalysts has proved useful. Novel concepts and approaches to upgrading metal-laden heavy residua will require more information. However, detailed examination of the chemical and physical structure of the metal deposits is not possible because of current analytical limitations for microscopically complex and heterogeneous materials. Similarly, experimental methods that reveal the complexities of the fine structure of porous materials and theoretical methods to describe them are not yet... 

Process Technology. In commercial addition and condensation polymerization processes reactor design is an important factor for the quality and economics of the polymer. Combining macromolecular kinetics with reactor and process design has led to a new concept called reaction engineering. D. C. Chappelear and R. H. M. Simon review this novel concept in Chapter 1. 

In the longer term, improved fundamental understanding of exothermic gas absorption will lead to new and possibly novel concepts of sulphonator reactor design which will be capable of high productivity at hi selectivity with reduced by-product formation. 

In this book, we have collected, in 11 chapters, information on novel possible intensified methods and reactors for sustainable energy conversion, including-but not limited to - novel concepts for chemical looping combustion, PI concepts for CO2 capture, oxy-ftiel and oxygen permeable membranes, blue energy and biomass conversion. 

D Eha Camacho et al. (2011) proposed a novel concept using an assisted electrochemical reaction to produce atomic hydrogen from water electrolysis for different heterorganic compounds conversion. The electrochemical reactor is divided into two compartments by a palladium membrane in which atomic hydrogen is absorbed and permeated. Organic sulfur in the oil can be desulfurized and transformed to H2S in the electrochemical compartment. In addition, Lam et al. (2012) recently presented a review of electrochemical desulfurization technologies for fossil fuels. Various electrodes and electrolytes that have been used for desulfurization accomphshed by oxidation, reduction, or both were summarized by Lam et al. in their paper. Some electrochemical desulfurization processes for transportation fuels were chosen for listing in Table 14.2. 

Major breakthroughs came in the fifties from the work of Danckwerts, Zwietering, Levenspiel and others, who considered the reactor as a system and introduced novel concepts such as residence time distribution and macro and micromixing, ideas which are now familiar to most chemical engineers. This new "Systems Approach" was immediately recognized as very fruitful, not only to solve industrial problems by simple and elegant methods, but also to better understand the fundamental behaviour of chemical reactors. Follow-... 

---