Process cost calculation

Tabie 14.7 Process cost calculations for the three different cell culture systems operated at 10 L scale... 

Figure 8.7 shows the basic procedure for process cost calculation. The costs of the individual parts are added together and give the total costs of the module. 

The annual processing cost Apo for a similar plant of a different size designed for an annual produc tion rate Ro can be approximately calculated from an equation of the form... 

The processing cost per unit of production for a plant with an annual production Ro can be approximately calculated from... 

We will now consider calculating the potential costs of failure in more detail for the cover support leg shown earlier. The process for calculating the failure costs for a component is as follows ... 

Calculator An interactive process wizard that provides quick, effective material, design, processing, and cost solutions. This Engineering Calculator s capabilities include (1) Material, to select from a variety of GE Plastics materials (2) Design, which calculates minimum part thickness based upon allowable deflection (3) Processing, which calculates pressure to fill and clamp force and (4) Cost, which calculates estimated material and processing costs for the intended part. 

The resale value of the recovered product is not expected to be a significant factor in cost calculation. At best, resale of the product will reduce the overall cost of the process enough to keep it competitive with other remediation technologies (D11846H, p. 976). 

A particularly controversial issue is the allocation of R D costs, as only a minority of new products or processes studied in R D enjoy commercial success. This problem is usually disguised by not including R D in the cost calculation of individual products, but by placing R D in the general overhead. 

The fermentation step to produce penicillin GA is the major cost element in the overall process to produce 6-APA. This is substantially due to the high cost of sterile engineering (Table 4.6 and 4.7). Clarification, extraction and solvent recovery steps are also significant, a reflection of the dilute and impure composition of fermentation broths. The concentration of 6-APA in the final broth has a big effect on total process costs. Thus increasing final 6-APA concentrations from 1.2-6.0% have been calculated to reduce production costs by over 50% (Table 4.8). By contrast the 6-APA production step cost is quite small, and is less that half the cost of the solvent recovery process (Table 4.6). The costs of the immobilized enzyme is not insignificant in a recent calculation it was estimated at 2.5 /kg 6-APA (Rasor and Tischer, 1998). 

For the energy- and cost-calculation of the HPE-process a program has been developed, allowing the determination of the various cycle processes under selected conditions for extraction and separation. In principle, the cycle is either in the pump- or in the compressormode. 

Based on the results from laboratory-scale equipment and the first production plants, the basic economics of the process were calculated. The processing costs are between 0.15 and 0.60 Euro/kg (composition of costs investment 20%, personell 37%, and operating 43%) and vary depending on the substances to be micronized, the scale of the equipment, etc. 

The overall process to calculate a cost of dispensing (COD) is to identify the direct and indirect costs... 

Resulting hydrogen selling prices from the Shaw analysis were high compared to earlier estimates, particularly the 2007 NHI framework cases. The high price is the result of conservative assumptions in the development of the three process flow sheets, in the cost-estimating process and in the energy cost parameters input to the cost calculations. 

Why Change The pilot plant work carried out by the Electrosynthesis company93 enabled us to validate our earlier cost calculations. However, by this time the market for Ceftibuten was declining and the justification for investment in new plant disappeared. Thus although the process proved to be an enormous technical success, it was a commercial failure. 

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