Principles of radiation protection

K Z. Moigan and J. E. Turner, eds., Principles of Radiation Protection, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1967. 

Similar considerations apply to the discussions of approaches to risk management in Section 3.3. Readers who are knowledgeable about principles of radiation protection may not be familiar with the different approach to health protection used for hazardous chemicals, and vice versa, and an understanding and resolution of the different approaches to risk management is important in developing a comprehensive and risk-based waste classification system. 

The radiation paradigm for management of stochastic risks is based on the fundamental principles of radiation protection developed over many decades by ICRP and NCRP. As stated by NCRP (1993a), these principles include the following ... 

The general principles of radiation protection are very simple ... 

Although regulations allow an annual maximum permissible dose to radiation workers, one should make considerable efforts to adopt strict protective measures in working with radiations so as to reduce the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). Under this concept, techniques, equipment, and procedures are critically evaluated and adopted to minimize the radiation dose to the worker. The NRC has set two goals for a radiation worker to achieve 10% of the occupational dose per quarter (Action level I) and 30% of the occupational dose per quarter (Action level II). If these limits are exceeded, corrective action must be taken or higher limits must be justified for a particular situation. The principles of radiation protection described later should be followed strictly to achieve ALARA compliance. 

The cardinal principles of radiation protection from external radiation sources are governed by four factors time, distance, shielding, and activity. 

Upton, A.C. and Kimball, R.F., Radiation biology, acute radiation syndrome, in Principles of Radiation Protection, Morgan, K.Z. and Turner, J.E., Eds., John Wiley Sons, New York, 1968, 427. 

Some basic knowledge of the structure and rearrangement procedures of unstable atoms, properties of radiation, characteristics of radiation detectors, and production of artificial radionuclides is helpful for the understanding of radiochemical methods and their application in analytical chemistry. Also, it has to be pointed out that for the use of radioactive materials not only do the principles of radiation protection have to be observed but also one has to follow strictly those rules that depend on the legislation of the relevant country. 

Medical staff and support personnel should be trained in the purposes and principles of radiation protection, health consequences of the exposure, and methods for dealing with... 

Glasstone, S., Sourcebook on Atomic Energy, VanNostrand, Princeton, New Jersey (1958). Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters - BEIRIV, National Academy Press, Washington (1988). Morgan, K.Z., Turner, J.E., Editors, Principles of Radiation Protection, John Wiley, New York (1967). 

In accordance with the principles of radiation protection, provisions are required to be made in the design to comply with the Radiation Protection Objective as given in para. 2.4 of Safety of Nuclear Power Plants Design [1] ... 

The principles of radiation protection applied in the design should be stated. Examples are ... 

Burch, P.R.J. 1967. Radiation physics. In Principles of Radiation Protection—A Textbook of Health Physics, K.Z. Morgan and J.E. Turner, eds., pp. 366-397. New York John Wiley and Sons. 

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