The Principles of Radiation Protection

Initially, the general public had viewed radiation more with fascination than with fear. One form of radiation was first identified in 1895 when German physicist Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered X rays. The announcement of Roentgen s findings generated a wave of excitement 

In their initial meetings each committee refrained from bold new state- 

In addition to their efforts to control the dangers of X rays, radiation experts became increasingly concerned about the effects of internal 

The relationship between the NCRP and the AEC was informal and generally cooperative, but at times it was uneasy. The AEC took a keen interest in the committee s activities because the NCRFs recommendations indirectly affected its operations. When the AEC learned that the NCRP was considering lowering the tolerance dose for radiation 

In the case of internal emitters, as with external sources of radiation. 

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The radiation paradigm for management of stochastic risks is based on the principles of radiation protection developed by ICRP and NCRP. In this paradigm, stochastic risks are managed by... 

Although regulations allow an annual maximum permissible dose to radiation workers, one should make considerable efforts to adopt strict protective measures in working with radiations so as to reduce the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). Under this concept, techniques, equipment, and procedures are critically evaluated and adopted to minimize the radiation dose to the worker. The NRC has set two goals for a radiation worker to achieve 10% of the occupational dose per quarter (Action level I) and 30% of the occupational dose per quarter (Action level II). If these limits are exceeded, corrective action must be taken or higher limits must be justified for a particular situation. The principles of radiation protection described later should be followed strictly to achieve ALARA compliance. 

Some basic knowledge of the structure and rearrangement procedures of unstable atoms, properties of radiation, characteristics of radiation detectors, and production of artificial radionuclides is helpful for the understanding of radiochemical methods and their application in analytical chemistry. Also, it has to be pointed out that for the use of radioactive materials not only do the principles of radiation protection have to be observed but also one has to follow strictly those rules that depend on the legislation of the relevant country. 

In accordance with the principles of radiation protection, provisions are required to be made in the design to comply with the Radiation Protection Objective as given in para. 2.4 of Safety of Nuclear Power Plants Design [1] ... 

The principles of radiation protection applied in the design should be stated. Examples are ... 

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