Accident release

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Eist of Regulated Substances and Thresholdsfor Accidental Release Prevention and Risk Management Programsfor Chemical Accident Release Prevention Tide 40, Part 68, Subpart C, of the Code of Eederal Regulations (40 CER 68), Federal Register h9(fE) 4493 (fan. 

Table 8.2-1 Reactor Safety Study Accident Release Categories ...

The means of transporting hazardous waste into the incinerator plant should be carefully considered. Routes of access should be selected to minimize accident (release) potential and to avoid residential and play areas if possible. For the remediation of Superfund sites, for which no over-the-road hauling is required, care is still needed to avoid spills and releases when transporting the wastes on-site. 

Hazard assessment is a consequence analysis for a range of potential hazardous chemical releases, including the history of such releases at the facility. The releases must include the worst-case scenario and the more likely but significant accident release scenarios. A risk matrix can be used to characterize the worst-case and more likely scenarios. 

Severe reactor-accident release, waste-repository release, land disturbance, and others, if hydrogen is produced via uranium feedstock ... 

Spicer, S. Accident releases lethal gas. Operations Forum, Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, VA, 2001, 13 (8). 

ApSimon, H.M., Macdonald, H.F. Wilson, J.J.N. (1986) An initial assessment of the Chernobyl-4 reactor accident release source. Journal of Society for Radiological Protection, 6, 109-19. 

C5B In 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez struck a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The accident released 40 million litres of crude oil. The oil eventually covered 26 000 km2 of water. 

Only two earlier reactor accidents caused significant releases or radionuclides the one at Windscale (United Kingdom) in October 1957 and the other at Three Mile Island (United States) in March 1979 (UNSCEAR-1982). While it is very difficult to estimate the fraction of the Windscale radionuclide core inventory that was released to the atmosphere, it has been estimated that the accident released twice the amount of noble gases that was released at Chernobyl, but 2,000 times less and Cs (DOE-1987). The Three Mile Island accident released approximately 2% as much noble gases and 0.00002% as much l as the Chernobyl accident. 

In Section 2.4 we review the concepts and modelling methods for dispersion from typical accident releases in urban areas over the three characteristic scales, but starting from the local obstacle scale, where the release occurs. Then the multi-obstacle and finally the overall dispersion is considered. Following the rationale set out in Section 2.4, different approaches are described, from the most simple and rapid modelling... 

In an incident in our own laboratories, where less than 2 cm of carbonyl dibromide were accidently released into a fume cupboard of volume sufficient to render the release safe, the local paper had the story as the main front page lead (see Fig. 1.32) - the number of errors are legion, both concerning the actual events and the science, in this short article - we suspect ICI would have been astounded to discover that it had been sponsoring experiments with carbonyl dibromide "to find new ways of welding metals together". 

Chernobyl accident released large quantities of it. To reduce the likelihood of thyroid damage, people were directed to take large quantities of salt containing non-radioactive iodine-127. This flooding of the thyroid glands with the non-damaging form of iodine made it less likely that the iodine-131 would be absorbed. 

EPA Accident Release Prevention Requirements and Risk Management Programs... 

The Ghernobyl accident released a large amount of radioiodine, including and The... 

Property Loss to the Community from a Reactor Accident Release... 

Therefore, the third phase of the studies on severe accidents is characterized by release restrictions even more stringent than those taken as a reference in the second phase in practice, many, especially European, countries strive for severe accident releases so small that population evacuation and land decontamination measures can be eliminated or reduced to a very low level, at least for health reasons (leaving alone possible needs for psychological well being of the population). This, in particular, is the position taken by France, by Germany and, at the appropriate time, by Italy. 

Table 24-4. Accident releases to the containment system for a design LCXIA...

The accident releases which can be originated by these machines are, consequently, lower by orders of magnitude. 

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