Primula species

Roe and Hudson demonstrated that D-mannoheptulose is physiologically available to the rabbit, which has a high tolerance for this heptose. This prompted Hiatt and coworkers to study the capacity of the corresponding polyol, D-volemitol, which occurs in mushrooms and Primula species, as a precursor of glycogen in the liver of the white rat. Through a series of feeding experiments, Hiatt et al. concluded that... 

A The Primula species (2,3) show the saponin mixture primula acid (T2) as two to three red-violet zones in the R, range 0.25-0.35. 

Use with caution in persons with hypersensitivity to Primula species (EMEA 2008). 

ApUn, C.G., and C.R. Lovell. 2001. Contact dermatitis due to hardy Primula species and their cultivars. Contact Dermat. 44(l) 23-29. 

C,5H o04, Mr 254.24, yellow cryst. (CjHjOH), mp. 230-232 C. The flavone P. is isolated from the leaves of Primula species (Primulaceae) and flowers of Dionysia species (Primulaceae). 

Primula obconica allergy appears to be decreasing in parts of western Europe (Paulsen 1998) attempts are being made to breed cultivars that have lower concentrations of primin, the major allergen. It is unclear whether other Primula species are significant allergens. 

Many primroses (Primula) also produce a farinose exudate on their stems and leaves. Eighteen species have been investigated... 

Some compounds can arise from different sources in different organisms. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid comes from shikimic acid (Chapter 50) in Primula acaulis but from acetate in Penicillium species. Outline details. 

Several plants A6-desaturase genes have been cloned from Anemone leveillei, borago [211], three Echium species, Marchantia polymorpha. Primula farcinosa, P. vialii and P. juliae, as well as from fungi Mortierella alpine, M. isabelina, Mucor rouxii [205] and Pythium irregulare, from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum [203] and from mosses the Ceratodom purpureus and Physcomitrella patens [212], although not all of them have been expressed in plants. 

Cowslip flower may cause skin reactions in individuals sensitive to species of Primula (Wichtl 2004). 

The leaf of various species of Primula contains the compound primin, a potent sensitizer that causes contact dermatitis in sensitive persons (Aplin and Lovell 2001 Ingber and Menne 1990). Primula dermatitis typically manifests as linear streaks of erythema with vesicles and bullae on the forearms, vesicles on the fingers, and sometimes on the face (Zachariae et al. 2007). The underground parts of cowslip do not contain primin, and thus no cutaneous effects... 

C oHjsO,. Mr 476.43, mp. 203-204°C, [a]g -71.5° (H2O). P. is the 2-0-glycoside of methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate with primeverose. P. occurs together with primulaverin (2-O-glycoside of methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate with primeverose, C20H28O13, Mr 476.43) in the roots of Primula officinalis and other primrose species. 

Flavone, the type substance of the whole class, which occurs as a dust on the leaves and stems of certain species of Primula, has the structure (I). The other naturally occurring compounds of this class have a number of phenolic hydroxyl or methoxyl groups substituted in each of the two aromatic rings, usually in certain characteristic patterns (Table I), e.g., apigenin (II). Flavones substituted with hydroxyl specifically in the... 

Isol. from several species of Primula e.g. Primula clusiana, Primula glaucescens. Primula spectabilis. Primula deorum and Primula integrifolia. Hygroscopic cryst. (EtOH). 

Commonly, flavones are present in vacuoles of cells as O- and/or C-glycosides, but some compounds, especially simple and polymethylated flavones, occur in heartwood of Prunus species farinose exudates of Primula spp. and ferns ... 

In the family Primulaceae, seed oils of some species of the genus Primula (P. florindae, P. sikkimensis, P. alpicola) contain GLA and stearidonic acid, the latter at levels of 10-15% (Aizetmiiller and Werner, 1991). 

Aitzetmiiller, K (2001) Database will show plant species with GLA. Lipid Technol., 13, 27. Aitzetmiiller, K and Werner, G (1991) Stearidonic acid (18 4 -3) in Primula florindae. Phytochemistry, 30, 4011 4013. 

---