Primula

C. Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents. Flavone occurs naturally as dust on the flowers and leaves of primulas. It has been prepared from o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde. 

Derivatives. Scopoletin [92-61-5] (6-methoxyumbeUiferone) (38) occurs, for example, in Solanaceae as a growth factor in plants. Primin [15121 -94-5] (2-methoxy-6-pentyl-l,4-benzoquinone) is a skin irritant isolated from Primula ohconica. Versicolin [4389 4-0]... 

Two glucosides have been separated from the roots of Primula officinalis by Goris, Mascr6, and Vischniac, which have been termed primeverin and primulaverin, and which are both hydrolysed, yielding the two constituents of the essential oil. 

This is the solid constituent of the essential oil, melting at 49°. has beei described by Mutschler as primula camphor. 

Juncus effusus Spiralis hen-and-chicks and campanulas in old kitchenware recycled as cheerful containers a spring grouping of narcissi. Iris reticulata, and primulas. 

Susceptible plants Cucumber, melon, zucchini, celery, beans, and peppers. Ornamentals include anemone, dahlia, aquilegia, campanula, lily, and primula. 

Susceptible plants Potato, strawberry, brassicas, beans, beets, carrot, lettuce, onion, and tomato also ornamentals including anemone, carnation, dahlia, gladioli, and primula... 

Publications have appeared on the following saponins sakurasosaponin from the root of Primula sieboldi, saponin A from the stem bark of Anthocephalus... 

Huck, C. et al., Quantitative Fourier transform near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) compared to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of a flavone in Primulae veris Flos extracts, Pharm. Pharmacol Lett., 9, 26, 1999. 

The occurrence of acylated flavones and flavonols still appears interesting enough to justify a short paragraph on this subject (for compilation see Table 12.5). Of the flavones, only three compounds are known to date, with one newly reported isobutyrate flavone from leaf exudates of Asarina procumbens (Scrophulariaceae). One further compound, the 5 -benzoate of 8,2, 5 -trihydroxyflavone, was isolated recently from the exudate of Primula palinuri (linuma and Wollenweber, unpublished). 

Schopker, H. et al., Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase in glands of Primula kewensis (W. Wats.) immunofluorescence and immunogold localization, Planta, 196, 712, 1995. 

Wollenweber, E. and Mann, K., New flavonoids from farinose Primula exudates, Biochem. Physiol Pflanz., 181, 667, 1986. 

Many primroses (Primula) also produce a farinose exudate on their stems and leaves. Eighteen species have been investigated... 

Primula vulgaris Huds. China Primulagenin A, aegicerin, protoprimulagenin A.48 Relieve cough, throat infection. 

N.A. Primula veris L. Triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, volatile oil." For bronchitis, respiratory tract infections, insomnia, anxiety, rheumatic disorder. 

Primula sieboldii E. Morren var. patens (Turcz.) Kitag., P. asiatica Nakai f. albiflora (Koidz.) Kitag., P. asiatica Nakai f. lilacina (Nakai) Kitag., P vulgaris L., P. asiatica Nakai Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 

Laminaria digitata, L. saccharine, L. longicruris, Myrica cerifera, M. penxylvanica, Primula vulgaris, P. veris... 

A subcosmopolitan family of the northern hemisphere, the Pri-mulaceae are known for their garden flowers. Occasional alkaloids have been noted in Cyclamen and Primula. 

The following gave positive tests in this study Anagallis arven-sis (1/7), Lysimachia ciliala, L. ruhmeriana, L. vulgaris (1 /3), Primula alpicola, P. floribunda, P. sikkimensis. 

D. meadia, Lysimachia ardisioides, L. capillipes, /,. quadrifolia, L. mauritana, L. recurvata, Primula auricula, P. candelabra, P. den-(iculala, P. japonica, Samolus ebractealus, S. parviflorus, S. poro-sus, S. repens, S. valerandi, Triertalis latifolia. 

Arthritica, and Rhopsidium these belong to the section, Auriculas-trum. Clusianose is, however, not present in other sections of the genus Primula. 

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