Pressure vessels mechanical damage

Explosion An explosion is a rapid expansion of gases resulting in a rapidly moving pressure or shock wave. The expansion can be mechanical (by means of a sudden rupture of a pressurized vessel), or it can be the result of a rapid chemical reaction. Explosion damage is caused by the pressure or shock wave. 

Accumulation of water, certain vapors, and other materials can damage paint and promote corrosion. Undetected corrosion has led to building collapse, pressure vessel failure, mechanical linkage separation, and electrical breakdown. 

The retina of eyes filled with PFCLs is exposed to a media which has a density nearly twice as high as that of the natural vitreous. Mechanical damage by increased pressure on the retinal vessels was used as a simple explanation for the necrotic retina observed after longer (2 weeks) exposure. 

Modem three layers pressure vessels are under study, which consist of a stressbearing component - an inner polymer liner over-wrapped with a carbon-fibre composite - and an outer aramid-material layer, mechanical and corrosion damage resistant [1]. A system for the gaseous hydrogen storage at room temperature has also been designed, adopting a definite number of linked cylindrical pressure vessels [13]. 

In order to match the safety issues, future pressure vessels include three layers an inner polymer liner, overwrapped with a high-strength and high-elasticity carbon fiber composite, and an outer layer of an aramid-material capable of withstanding mechanical and corrosion damage [107],... 

Abstract In this chapter, the development of an understanding of the mechanisms that control reactor pressure vessel (RPV) embrittlement is explored. It is shown how these insights were strongly coupled with developments in microstructural techniques and how research in this field has underpinned the development of dose-damage correlations. 

Companies such as Hartford still employ boiler inspectors to this day, and they perform important work to ensure that the pressure vessels used in industry are in a safe condition. Their inspections are generally to see if there are any signs of mechanical or corrosion damage, to check that pressure gages are fitted and cahbrated properly, and to check that overpressure relief valves are fitted, have been tested, and are set to operate at the correct pressure. 

Bernstein, M. D. and L. W. Yoder. 1998. Power Boilers A Guide to Section 1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, New York American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Focuses entirely on design considerations related to power boilers and their attachments. Materials, piping, fabrication and welding, testing, inspection, certification, quality control, safety, and potential causes of damage or failure are all covered. 

The vapour line pressure and hence the tank vapour pressure may be inadvertently reduced so as to cause liquid to expand and boil up into the vapour lines. The subsequent uncontrolled increase in evaporation rate and rise in pressure may lead to serious mechanical damage. Switching on vapour compressors should be carried out very gently when the vessel is brimful, and then only intermittently to start with. 

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