Pressure impact and damage analysis

Combustion waves generate pressure waves. In a deflagration, the volume expansion of the burnt products reacts like a piston pushing the unbumt gas mixture aside. The pressure is in principle uniform and static. At the cloud perimeter, expansion waves are created which both run backwards into the cloud or follow the shock wave. Pressure and density decrease in the wave direction. 

In the intermediate stage of a fast deflagration, the peak overpressure is not so high, but the pressure drop is over a larger time period making the impulse, i.e., the integral of pressure over time, which is a measure for the load on a building structure, about the same in both cases [12]. 

Dynamic loads of fast transient pressures are imposed in the presence of inhomo-geneously distributed combustion energy and are specific to the structure geometry. The response to an incident shock wave could be a movement of solid objects [60]. 

Series of tests concerning the simulation of heat fluxes and temperature loadings on equipment, pressures, and moisture conditions during multiple hydrogen bums were conducted in CRTF (Central Receiver Test Facility) and in SCETCH (Severe Combined Environment Test Chamber [60]. 

Characteristic destruction lines for explosions produced by detonating conventional explosives, according to Schardin (ground explosion) 

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