Preparation impregnation

Hybrid Processes. There are also hybrid processes that have evolved to meet specific product needs. As an example, automotive leaf springs utilize a filament winding system to prepare impregnated fiber bundles that are then compression molded to final configuration. 

The cholinesterase to determine the toxic activity may be chosen (i) in pure form of commercial enzyme from animals in a water buffer solution or using biosensors, enzyme preparation impregnated into a rigid matrix that significantly activates the enzymic activity and (ii) in the form of crude extracts from plant or animal tissues. 

Method of Preparation Impregnation Ground Together Physical Mixture ... 

Cordierite-supported perovskites, preparation impregnation, 36 251-253 plasma spraying, 36 253 Core electron kinetic energy of, 34 211 spectra of, 34 210... 

Fig. 3.9 Secondary impregnation workflow showing the precursor preparation station, support preparation, impregnation station, washing station, thermal processing hardware, and impregnated catalyst array.

The Pt NMR of small platinum particles on classic oxide supports show s that the clean-surface LDOS is largely independent of the support (sihca, alumina, and titania) and of the method of preparation (impregnation, ion exchange, and deposition of colloids). At a given resonance position, one always finds the same relaxation rate, independent of particle size or support. The shape of the spectrum is related to the sample dispersion. The same is true lor particles protected in fihiis of PVP. [However, samples prepared under conditions giving strong SMSIs behave differently 171)]... 

Association of molybdates (tungstates) with phosphate-like structures leads to a class of compounds called heteropoly compounds or heteropoly acids of Mo or W, hereafter schematically written as Mo —P or W—P heteropoly compounds. The heteropoly anions, which may contain Mo, W, P, and other elements, are paired, both in the solid state and in solution, with cations such as H+, NH4, and Na+. Here, only some Mo —P heteropoly compounds playing an important role in hydrotreating catalysts during the catalyst preparation (impregnation) or as supported oxidic phases are discussed. The Mo — P heteropoly compounds have the following properties 18,19) ... 

The support porous structure and the rate of solvent removal from the pores as well as the nature of solvent and metal compound dissolved can considerably influence both the distribution of the active component through the support grain and the catalyst dispersion [163,170-173]. As a rule, the resulting particles size of the active component will be smaller, the more liquid-phase ruptures caused by evaporation of the solvent from the support pores are attained before the solution saturation. Therefore, supports with an optimal porous structure are needed to prepare impregnated Me/C catalysts with the finest metal particles. As a result, carbon supports appropriate for synthesis of such catalysts are very limited in number. Besides, these catalysts will strongly suffer from the blocking effect (see Section 12.1.2) because some of the metal particles are localized in fine pores. 

The Pd catalyst was prepared impregnating y-alumina powder (a BET area of 200m /g) with aqueous solution of palladium nitrate. The powder was dried overnight at 110°C in air, followed by calcination at 600°C for 5h in air, pressed, crushed, and sieved into 0.5 to 1.0 mm particles. The Pd/X catalysts (X=Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) were prepared impregnating the Pd catalyst powder with aqueous solution of each nitrates. The powder was dried, calcined, followed by pressing, crushing, and then sieved into particles in the same procedures mentioned above. Pd and alkaline loading amounts were 0.024 and 0.17 mole to one molar y-alumina, respectively. 

Catalyst. A Pt/Al203 Cl catalyst containing 0.375% Pt and 0.87% Cl was used. It was prepared impregnating with I PtClg samples of CK 300 alumina from Ketjen following the method of Castro et al. ( 1). The support surface area was 200 m /g and the catalyst had 90% metal dispersion. 

Preparation Methods adapted from inorganic materials preparation, spots on wafer substrates, ig amounts of powder Methods adapted from lab or industrial preparation (impregnation, precipitation, crystallization, calcination, reduction), 0.5-20 g... 

In MD simulations, the molecular adsorption concept is used to interpret the Pt-C interactions during the fabrication processes. The Pt complexes are mostly attached to the hydrophilic sites on carbon particles, viz. carbonyl or hydroxyl groups [108]. The adsorption is based on both physical and chemical adsorption. Carbon particle preparations, impregnation, and reduction are three main steps of the catalyst preparation. The point of zero charge (PZC) determines the pH range at which the impregnation step should be carried out. The PZC is an important parameter in catalyst preparation. 

Due to the ease of preparation, impregnation is one of the most commonly used techniques to fabricate catalysts. High-surface-area carbon black can be impregnated with catalyst precursors by mixing the two in an aqueous solution... 

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