Pregnancy and puerperium

Eupatorium chineme L. var. simplicifolium (Malcino) Kitam. E. lindleyanum DC E. japonicum Thunb. Zi Lan (Thorowort) (whole plant) Cumarin, O-cumaric acid, lactones, rhymohydroquinone, volatile oil, euparin, bornyl acetate, dimethyl thymohydroquinone, linalool.48 Sedative in disturbances of pregnancy and puerperium. Carminative, diuretic, vermifuge. 

Cantu C, Barinagarrementeria F (1993) Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancy and puerperium. Review of 67 cases. Stroke 24 1880-1884... 

Retamal P, Cantillano V. Tratamiento de la enfermedad bipolar durante el embarazo y puerperio. [Treatment of bipolar disorder during pregnancy and puerperium period. A case report.] Rev Medical Chil 2001 129(5) 556-60. 

C18. Chowdhury, S. R., Haider, K., and Chaudhuri, N., Alkaline phosphatase activity during pregnancy and puerperium in Indian women. Indian ]. Med. Sci. 19, 493-499 (1965). 

Z4. Zuckerman, H., Sadovsky, E., and Kallner, B., Serum alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy and puerperium. Obstet. Gynecol. 25, 819-824 (1965). 

The human fetus absorbs ascorbic acid from the placenta (124) and restrictions of women s diet during pregnancy lead occasionally to abortion but not to deprivation of the fetus (126). The fetus seems to draw the vitamin C from the mother as long as appreciable amounts of ascorbic acid are present in the maternal plasma (126). Several studies have shown that the vitamin C content of the blood plasma of the fetus is higher than that of the mother (126, 127, 128, 129). The fetus seems to act parasitically on the mother with respect to vitamin C and vitamin C deficiency is not rare in pregnancy and puerperium (126, 130, 131). In spite of its parasitical action the fetus does not always obtain the required amounts of vitamin C from the mother and congenital scurvy occurs in man (132). 

Gracious, B.L. and Wisner, K.L. (1997) Phenelzine use throughout pregnancy and the puerperium a case report, review of the literature, and management recommendations. Depression Anxiety 6 124-128. 

O Hara, M.W. (1986) Social support, life events, and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43 569— 573. 

Williams, K.E. and Koran, L.M. (1997) Obsessive-complusive disorder in pregnancy, the puerperium, and the premenstruum. J Clin Psychiatry 58 330-334. 

Wisner, K.L. and Perel,J.M. (1988) Psychopharmacologic agents and electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy and the puerperium. In Cohen, R.L., ed. Psychiatric Consultation in Childbirth Settings. New York Plenum, pp. 165-206. 

Shinkoda H, Matsumoto K, Park,YM. Changes in sleep-wake cycle during the period from late pregnancy to puerperium identified through the wrist actigraph and sleep logs. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1999 53 133-135. 

Makletsova (USSR, 1979) examined 162 pregnant women occupationally exposed to Zineb and found an increased risk of abortion, delivery complications and puerperium. Controls were 148 pregnant women. Zielhuis (ref. 116, p. 32) found the data inconclusive because of the absence of dose information and a relatively high incidence of pregnancy and delivery complications in the controls. 

Thrombosis in the dural sinuses or cerebral veins is much less common than cerebral arterial thromboembolism. It causes a variety of clinical syndromes, which often do not resemble stroke (Bousser and Ross Russell 1997). While ischemic arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis share some causes (Southwick et al. 1986), others are specific to cerebral venous thrombosis (Table 29.1). A particularly high index of suspicion is required in women on the oral contraceptive pill (Saadatnia and Tajmirriahi 2007) and in the puerperium. In the past, cerebral venous thrombosis was strongly associated with otitis media and mastoiditis, lateral sinus thrombosis or otitic hydrocephalus, but the most common causes are now pregnancy and the puerperium, which cause 5-20% of the cerebral venous thrombosis in the developed world, the oral contraceptive pill, malignancy, dehydration, inflammatory disorders and hereditary coagulation disorders. No cause is found in around 20% of cases. 

Sims EAH, Krantz KE. Serial studies of renal function during pregnancy and the puerperium in normal women. J Clin Invest 1958 37 1764-74. 

Dahlman TC. Osteoporotic fractures and the recurrence of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium in 184 women undergoing thromboprophylaxis with heparin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993 168(4) 1265-70. 

Gerhardt A, Scharf RE, Beckmann MW, Struve S, Bender HG, PiUny M, et al. Prothrombin and factor V mutations in women with a history of thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium. N Engl J Med 2000 342 374-80. 

Diaz SE, Grush LR, Sichel DA, Cohen LS. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy and the puerperium. In Dickstein LJ, Riba MB, et al, eds. OCD across the life cycle. Section III of Review of Psychiatry, Vol. 16. Washington, American Psychiatric Press, 1997 97-112. 

Ruiz-lrastorza G, Lima F, Alves J, Khamashta MA, Simpson J, Hughes GR, Buchanan NM (1996) Increased rate of lupus flare during pregnancy and the puerperium a prospective study of 78 pregnancies. Am J Rheumatol, 35 133-138. 

Mazzucchelli I, Onat FY, Ozkara C, et ai. Changes in the disposition of oxcarbazepine and its metabolites during pregnancy and the puerperium. Epilepsia 2006 47 504-509. 

An interesting hematological feature is that macrocytosis may be absent or slight—a feature also noted in patients with megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy and the puerperium. 

Shnider SM. Serum chlonesterase activity during pregnancy, labor and the puerperium. Anesthesiology 1965 26 335-9. 

C. S. Kovacs and H. M. Kronenberg Maternal-fetal calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy, puerperium, and lactation. Endocrine Review 18, 832 (1997). 

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