Precautions Transportation

Transportation. Ammonium nitrate is safely transported by rad, road, and water. However, its transportation on U.S. navigable waterways is restricted. Good ventilation must be provided and precautions taken against leakage and contamination. The material must be completely isolated from other cargo and must be kept free of extraneous combustible materials. 

Health and Safety Factors (Toxicology). No special precautions are necessary in the handling of malonic acid beyond normal safe handling measures. Due to its acidity malonic acid is classified as a mild irritant (skin irritation, rabbits). The LD q value (oral, rats) for malonic acid is 2750 mg/kg. Transport classification RID/ADR, IMDG-Code, lATA/lCAO not restricted. 

Health and Safety Factors. Dimethyl malonate and diethyl malonate do not present any specific danger of health ha2ard if handled with the usual precautions. Nevertheless, inhalation and skin contact should be avoided. Dimethyl malonate has a LD q (oral, rats) of 4520 mg/kg and is classified as nonirritant (skin irritation, rabbits). Diethyl malonate has an LD q (oral, rats) greater than 5000 mg/kg and is also classified as nonirritant (skin irritation, rabbits). Transport classification for both esters is RID/ADR 3, IMDH-Code, lATA-ICAO not restricted. 

Health and Safety Factors. Handling of cyanoacetic acid and cyanoacetates do not present any specific danger or health hazard if handled with the usual precautions. Cyanoacetic acid is classified as a moderate irritant (skin irritation, rabbits) and has an LD q (oral, rats) of 1500 mg/kg. Methyl and ethyl cyanoacetate are both classified as slight irritants (skin irritation, rabbits) and have an LD q (oral, rats) of 3062 and 2820 mg/kg, respectively. Transport classification cyanoacetic acid RID/ADR 8 IMDG-Code 8 lATA/ICAO 6.1. Methyl and ethyl cyanoacetate RID/ADR 6.1 IMDG-Code 6.1 lATA/ICAO 6.1. 

The risk of skin cancer by contact with pitch dust has in more recent years been reduced by the transport and handling of pitch as a Hquid or as dust-free flakes or pencils. Nevertheless, in handling coal-tar products, certain precautions should be taken. These have become obligatory in tar distilleries and plants using pitch or creosote. 

Thioglycohc acid is stored ia reiaforced polyethylene or polypropylene tanks or contaiaers. It is advisable to keep thioglycohc acid at low (<10° C) temperature to slow down self-esterification. The same care must be taken with dmms or tank tmcks. Dmms are made of polyethylene or polyethylene-liaed steel. For transport, thioglycohc acid is classified as a corrosive and toxic hquid. The handling of thioglycohc acid requires the usual precautions observed for strong acid and corrosive chemicals. 

Because chloroprene is a flammable, polymerisable Hquid with significant toxicity, it must be handled with care even in the laboratory. In commercial quantities, precaution must be taken against temperature rise from dimerisation and polymerisation and possible accumulation of explosive vapor concentrations. Storage vessels for inhibited monomer require adequate cooling capacity and vessel pressure rehef faciUties, with care that the latter are free of polymer deposits. When transportation of monomer is required, it is loaded cold (< — 10° C) into sealed, insulated vessels with careful monitoring of loading and arrival temperature and duration of transit. 

Whilst they will differ depending upon gas properties, the procedures and precautions appropriate for transport of cylinder gases are exemplified for LPG in Table 15.16. 

The Oil Pollution Act of 1961 was primarily concerned witli tlie regulation of the deliberate discharge of oil or oil wastes into Uie water. As a result of Uiis act, Uie owners of transport sliips were to take precautions to minimize Ute effect of pollution. Oily ballast water separators were required on ships, and owners Imd to maintain oil record books. Violators of Uie Oil Pollution Act were subject to fines of not more than 1,000 for improper record keeping. 

Manufacturers, suppliers and importers of chemicals have a legal obligation to ensure that their products are properly packed, labelled and transported, and to provide the user with information on the hazards and precautions for their use. (See Table 12.1 for UK legislation.)... 

In the case of the capillary blood, it is extremely important that the specimen not be allowed to stand for extensive periods of time before centrifugation. If the blood is to be transferred to the pH meter, then the collecting tube is sealed at both ends during transportation. It is then aspirated into the pH instrument as soon as practicable since one needs a smooth even flow in order to aspirate a specimen into the conventional micro pH meter. After the whole blood has been sampled for various purposes, it is important that the remaining blood be centrifuged promptly. If not, it will clot. Subse-quentially, centrifuging with a clot will tend to hemolyze the blood. Erythrocytes will adhere to the wall and as they are pulled down by the clot, they will be ruptured. Those who do not observe these precautions will find that it is rather difficult to obtain unhemolyzed blood. 

Radioactive chemicals, See also Chemicals Transportation control measures, See Precautions exposure limits, 393 hazards, 391 monitoring, 393 types, 391... 

Unless the precautions given in the previous two examples are taken, some employees could be injured or killed. Even if this did not occur the financial loss could be large, since if critical pieces of equipment were damaged it might take months before they could be repaired or replaced and before production could be resumed. For each day the plant does not run a number of expenses continue (salaries, depreciation, taxes, insurance). There is also the problem of supplying customers. If a customer goes to another supplier it may be difficult to lure him back. As a result, the company may furnish him with product made at a distant plant and not charge him the extra transportation expenses, or may buy a competitor s product and sell it to the customer at less than the purchase price. 

The compound is normally stored and transported as a water-wet paste which slowly decomposes at elevated ambient temperatures, evolving nitrogen. Precautions are described to prevent pressure build-up in sealed containers. 

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