Prebiological system

Fox, S. W., Wiggert, E., Joseph, D. Simulated natural experiments in spontaneous organization of morphological units from proteinoid, in The Origin of Prebiological Systems (ed.) Fox, S. W., p. 368, New York Academic Press 1965... 

B-65M140901 C. Ponnamperuma The Origins of Prebiological Systems and their Molecular... 

Ponnamperuma, C., 1965. Abiological synthesis of some nucleic acid constituents. In S.W. Fox (Editor), The Origins of Prebiological Systems and of their Molecular Matrices. Academic Press, New York, N.Y., pp. 221—241. 

Oparin, A.I. (1965) The Origins of Prebiological Systems. Academic Press. New York. 

Schramm, G. (1965) Synthesis of nucleosides and polynucleotides with metaphoric esters, in The Origins of Prebiological Systems and of Their Molecular Matrices (ed. S.W. Fox) Academic Press New York, pp. 309-310. 

Nolt CL. 1988. Uptake and translocation of six organic chemicals in a newly-designed plant exposure system and evaluation of plant uptake aspects of the prebiologic screen for ecotoxicologic effects. MS Thesis. Cornell University, Ithace, NY. 

Decker, P. and Speidel, A., 1972. Open systems which can mutate between several steady states ( Bioids ) and a possible prebiological role of the autocatalytic condensation of formaldehyde. Z. Naturforsch., B27 257 -263. 

Volume 29. Comparative biochemistry, molecular evolution I. Comparative biochemistry, (a) Basic concepts, (b) Autotrophic metabolism, (c) Chemical needs in heterotrophs. (rf) Biochemical cycles in the biosphere, (e) Biochemistry and taxonomy. II. Molecular evolution, (a) Molecular adaptations to the physical environment, (b) Molecular adaptations to the biological environment, (c) Heteromor-phic aspects of molecular evolution, (d) Evolution of biochemical systems, physiological radiations, (e) Biosynthesis and phylogeny. (/) Paleobiochemistry. (g) Chemical evolution and prebiological evolution. Subject index. 

Rossler (1981, 1983b) presented the outline of the possibility of a deductive prebiology based on the particular properties of chemical dynamic systems. As he emphasises, the creation of a chemical system with huge (say 10 °°°°) state variables is very easy, in contrast to electronic systems. 

In addition to the direct utility of mathematical models in the analysis of complex chemical systems a unified conceptual framework is offered to the mathematical treatment of problems of chemical kinetics and related areas in biomathematics. Biochemical control processes, oscillation and fluctuation phenomena in neurochemical systems, coexistence and extinction in populations, prebiological evolution and certain ecological problems of Lake j Balaton can be treated in terms of this framework. Though the main body of/ the book deals with spatially homogeneous systems, spatial structures in chemical systems, pattern formation and morphogenesis related to reaction-diffusion models are also mentioned briefly. 

Since hydrogen cyanide and ammonia are two of the most important parent compounds present in comets and since these bodies are intensely irradiated when they pass througih their closest proximity to the Sun, it is not unreasonable to think that some of the organic compounds described above may also be found in comets. The chemical composition of these bodies is considered to be representative of the composition of the solar nebula from which the primitive earth was formed. Therefore, it offers a solar-system model for studies on prebiological chemistry.< >... 

Present-day life forms are cellular with phospholipid bilayer membranes forming the primary barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment. It has been proposed that similar encapsulating structures, based on, for example, fatty acids, could have self assembled in the prebiological environment, thus providing an enclosed reaction system. It should be noted that in presently evolved biological systems, membranes can contain up to 15% fatty acid content, mixed with phospholipid. 

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