PPCPs extraction

Other sulfonamides. The fact that the extraction of one of these sulfonamides is only optimized at a totally different pH displays the compilations in relying on a single set of extraction conditions as representative for all members within each class of PPCPs. To trap acid components in the sample, the sample has to be acidified to pH < 2, passed through a conditioned column such as an RP C18 solid-phase extraction column, and then eluted with a volatile solvent. Neutral compounds are, on the other hand, extracted by adjusting the sample to pH 7-8 before ranning the sample through the extraction column, which has been conditioned with acetone, methanol, or distilled water. Basic compounds are extracted by initially adjusting the sample to pH > 12 with EDTA and KOH. 

Einally, acmal detection of the analyte has to be done by choosing a cost-effective and reliable method. In general, the functional groups of many of the PPCPs can render their extraction from water and measurement with GC and HPLC difficult. Eurthermore, the environmental matrices such as soil and sediments also impose significant interference in the analysis of these compounds. To that effect, no single method or piece of equipment can measure all the compounds of concern. Individual laboratories typically have to optimize the methods. 

Rice, S. Mitra, S. (2007). Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction of Solid Matrices and Subsequent Detection of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (Ppcps) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, Vol.589, N°l, pp. 125-132, ISSN 00032670. 

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