PPCPs

PEGULATORYAGENCIES - CHEMICALPROCESS INDUSTRY] (Vol21) Best practicable control technology ppCp... 

NakadaN, Shinohara H, Murata A, Kiri K, Managaki S, Sato N, Takada H (2007) Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sand filtration and ozonation at a municipal sewage treatment plant. Water Res 41 4373-4382... 

Boyd OR, Palmeri JM, Zhang S, Grimm DA (2004) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine dismpting chemicals (EDCs) in stormwater canals and Bayou St. John in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Sci Total Environ 333 137-148... 

PPCPs 4 preservatives, 2 antimicrobials and 5 UV filters Surface and wastewaters SPE (Oasis HLB and Bond Elute Plexa... 

Buyuksonmez F, Sekeroglu S (2005) Presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in biosolids and their degradation during composting. J Residuals Sci Technol 2 31 —40... 

The study of the degradation pathways in fungi for PPCPs is relatively recent and not fully developed. In general, the most studied xenobiotic degradation pathways in fungi are those related to PAHs [61]. As PPCPs present aromatic structures it is... 

The electronic properties around the phosphorus atom can be varied by manipulation of the groups on that atom. MOD-DIOP (12c) was developed by Achiwa and used to reduce itaconic acids [68-72, 75, 103]. Some variations built on BCPM (18e), itself a variant of BPPM, such as the MOD-BCPM (18f) and MCCPM (18g) [88-93, 95-98, 104]. Other variants are PYRPHOS (21a also called DeguPHOS) [105, 106], DPCP (22) [107], NorPhos (23) [108], BDPP (24a) (also called SkewPHOS) [109-111], and PPCP (25) [112]. 

R=Ci2-C18 Foam stabilization Emulsifier Solubilizer, antistatic, wetting agent in PPCPs Hair shampoo, liquid soaps, shaving creams and other PPCPs No data found Contradictory data related to they biodegradability [19]. Readily biodegradable [20,21]... 

Table 1 Summarized table with the more important PPCPs divided into antibiotics, steroid hormones, and other drugs. Their generic chemical structures and the use or origin are shown. Some reported data regarding their environmental occurrence and the more probable environmental fate are also given... 

Table 4 Some representative commercial immunochemical assay kits for the most important PPCPs. The supplier and the contact web page are also listed... 

Smital T, Luckenbach T, Sauerborn R, Hamdoun AM, Vega RL, Epel D (2004) Emerging contaminants - pesticides, PPCPs, microbial degradation products and natural substances as inhibitors of multixenobiotic defense in aquatic organisms. Mutat Res 552 101-117 Snyder MJ (2000) Cytochrome P450 enzymes in aquatic invertebrates recent advances and future directions. Aquat Toxicol 48 529-547... 

Rahman ME, Yanful EK, Jasim SY (2009) Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the aquatic environment implications for the drinking water industry and global environmental health. J Water Health 7 224-243... 

Shen R, Andrews SA (2011) Demonstration of 20 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as nitrosamine precursors during chloramine disinfection. Water Res 45 944-952... 

The extent of PPCP removal is, in general, >90%. The presence of particulate matter at concentrations regularly measured in the secondary effluent does not influence the removal efficiency of soluble compounds showing high reaction rates with ozone. 

According to [86], only 9 of the 66 PPCPs examined had a removal efficiency of less than 50% at a dose of 5 mg/L PAC at 5-h contact time. 

Recent technical literature [109, 113, 114] has shown that the concentrations of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic environments may exceed their PNECs. The majority of these studies were performed on WWTP effluent discharged into the surface water body, and very few studies have been conducted on treated hospital effluent. 

Suarez S, Carballa M, Omil F, Lema JM (2008) How are pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) removed from urban wastewaters Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 7 125-138... 

PPCPs and their metabolites are ubiquitous and display persistence in, and bioconcentration from, surface waters. Additionally, by way of continuous infusion into the aquatic environment, those PPCPs that might have low persistence can display the same exposure potential as truly persistent pollutants, because their transformation and removal rates can be compensated by their replacement rates. While the concentration of individual drugs in the aquatic environment often is low (subparts per billion or subnanomolar, often referred to as micropollutants), the presence of numerous drugs sharing a specific mode of action could lead to significant effects through additive exposures. 

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