PPCPs analysis

Einally, acmal detection of the analyte has to be done by choosing a cost-effective and reliable method. In general, the functional groups of many of the PPCPs can render their extraction from water and measurement with GC and HPLC difficult. Eurthermore, the environmental matrices such as soil and sediments also impose significant interference in the analysis of these compounds. To that effect, no single method or piece of equipment can measure all the compounds of concern. Individual laboratories typically have to optimize the methods. 

As with any analytical determination procedure, both quality assurance and quality control issues have to be built into the detection of PPCPs in the environment. For example, analysis of polycyclic musks (PCM) can be easily skewed during analysis as the compound might be present in laboratory soaps and creams, thus coating laboratory glassware used for the analysis. Therefore, programs that are designed to research... 

This chapter provides an overview of the analysis of TPs in the environment of three important classes of synthetic chemicals namely pesticides, human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs). A series of analytical protocols applied to determine and analyze TPs of manmade chemicals originating from photolysis as well as from microbial degradation in the environment and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is presented. Furthermore, strategies for identifying unknown TPs of xenobi-otic compounds including pesticides and PPCPs are presented based on the combination of mass spectrometric techniques and NMR, IR, and optical detection systems like DAD and FL. 

Water samples for analysis of EDCs and PPCPs are usually collected in amber glass containers, which have been predeaned with reagent water and organic solvents such as methanol and acetone. Discrete or composite samples are sampled in the research studies, but it is appropriate to collect composite samples if the aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of WWTPs. Twenty-foiu hour-composite samples have often been used to represent samples of the WWTPs. 

Chapter 23, Chapter 25, and Chapter 26 discuss in detail the separation and analysis of volatile organic compoimds (VOCs), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and plastics residues, respectively. Many of these compounds are widely distributed in the environment but in very small quantities. 

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