Powder high explosive manufacture

Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in Shock Tube Secondary high explosive, By-product of RDX manufacture, Used in Shock Tube Secondary high explosive, Found in triple-base smokeless powders... 

Aromatic nitro compounds are generally stable but are frequently reactive, especially if they contain groups other than nitro groups in the meta position with respect to one another. As a class they constitute the most important of the military high explosives. They are also used as components of smokeless powder, in compound detonators, and in primer compositions. Liquid nitro compounds, and the mixtures which are produced as by-products from the manufacture of pure nitro compounds for military purposes, are used in non-freezing dynamite and other commercial explosives. The polynitro compounds are solvents for nitrocellulose. 

Uses Nitroglycerin (or glyceryltrinitrate) is a pale yellow, oily liquid also available in the form of rhombic crystals. It is highly explosive. It is used in combination with ethylene glycol dinitrite in the manufacture of dynamites, explosives, rocket propellants, smokeless powders, and guncotton. 

This nitrate ester is one of only a very few liquid molecular explosives that are manufactured commercially. It is a clear, oily liquid that freezes when pure at 13°C. As seen in the historical section, the first practical use of NG was in dynamites, where it is still used today more than 100 years later. It also is used as a component in multibased propellants and as a medicine to treat certain coronary ailments. This latter usage is attributed to NG s ability to be rapidly absorbed by skin contact or inhalation into the blood, where it acts as a vasodilator. (At high exposure levels such as in dynamite manufacture and handling, this property is responsible for the infamous powder headache.) NG is undoubtedly the most sensitive explosive manufactured in relatively... 

FlasKpowders are some of the rnost explosive kinds of powders known. In fact Lenz even regards flashpowder as high explosive due to its trernendous power. In addition to this, flashpowders are both easy and safe to manufacture. It is because of this that i have decided to explain in detail the manufacture of these powders-... 

Chlorpicrin is rather easily iiianufactun d by the direct chloriiiHtiun of picric acid. In practice, the reaction is carried out by itijectiiig live steam into an aqueous solution of bleaching powder and picric acid, as show n on Chart XI. The yield is 114 pfr cent of the volume of pj< ri( acid employed. Siii< e large amounts of picric acid are aW in Industry and for high explosives and, since blraching powder is easily obtainable everywhere, the raw materials necessary in the manufacture of chlorpicrin are readily available. This fact and the ease of manufacture undoubtedly... 

Reduction of the 2-nitro in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol yields picramic acid, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol. It is highly explosive but safe to handle when wet. It was also an important intermediate in dye manufacture. Centralite, a stabilizer in smokeless powders, is made from monoethylaniline. 

Use Fast-drying automobile lacquers, high explosives, collodion, rocket propellant, printing ink base, flashless propellant powder, coating bookbinding cloth, leather finishing, manufacture of Celluloid. ... 

The production of nitromannitol is fairly easy because the starting material for its manufacture, mannitol, is fairly easily available at moderate prices from headshops. It may be labelled as baby laxative, but it is stocked as cut for cocaine and other white powders. The person behind the counter is likely to give you a knowing wink while making- the transaction, but have no idea of its usefulness in explosive manufacture. If there are no head shops in your area, a check of the classified section in High Times may turn up a supplier or two. 

Up to the start of World War I in 1914 picric acid, trinitrophenol, had been used as a high-explosive shell filling. It largely had replaced black powder and was termed melinite by the French and lyddite by the British. Trinitrophenol was a relatively easy batch-reaction nitration which had been carried out as a nonexplosive operation in the dyestuff manufacturing industry until a disastrous explosion took place in Manchester when a chemical factory caught fire. 

Russian refineries had begun to receive once again the products of the Caucasian oil fields. After an all-out effort by CWS officials to locate every available source and organize immediate delivery, fifty-six carloads of caustic soda were assembled in Chicago and sent on their way. Somewhat later in the war, procurement of caustic soda was transferred from the War Department to the Treasury Department. Other chemicals sent to the U.S.S.R. by the CWS went into the manufacture of such military necessities as smokeless powder, plastics, explosives, and high octane gasoline. ... 

The United States had already been enmeshed with the war economically, not only because of the British blockade but also because Americans supplied the British, French, and Russians with a great range of munitions and raw materials. American manufacturers of high explosives and smokeless powder were among those who rapidly expanded in response to European demand. While the United States was mostly unprepared for war, several of its industries had mobilized before April 1917 by way of European contracts. 

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