Powder, Antimonial

Powdered antimony pentoxide is used primarily in plastics. Stabilizers used to prevent the particles from growing are caustic, and can react with the halogen in the formulation. This can result in color formation and a lower flame-retarding efficiency of the system. 

Fieber-pulver, n. fever powder, ague powder (antimonial powder), -rinde, /. cinchona bark. 

Powdered antimony reacts explosively when it is carefully mixed with alkaline nitrates alkaline antimonates are formed. The same happens with molten ammonium nitrate, which combusts violently when it is ground up with potassium permanganate (to be compared with arsenic on p.210). 

Powdered antimony ignites on contact with the chloride. 

Powdered antimony explodes when heated with an alkali metal nitrate. 

Previous thermal analysis studies had indicated that while Sb203 did not react directly with DBDPO, there was some evidence that the reaction of a polymer substrate with the Sb203 generated a species which was very reactive (23), and that this product was antimony metal (Sb°). Therefore, simple mixtures of DBDPO with powdered antimony, bismuth and zinc metals (mole ratio of bromine to metal of 3 1) were pyrolyzed and the extent of reaction determined by CGC. 

Procedure. Finely powdered antimony trifluoride is placed in the reservoir of the feed. Phosphorus oxychloride and then antimony pentachloride are placed in the reaction vessel. The temperature of the bath is maintained, thermostatically, at 75° and the pressure kept at 190-200 mm., and the antimony trifluoride is then added slowly from the feed. The distillates in the traps are united and fractionated. The distillate, up to b.p. 90°/760 mm., is collected and carefully refractionated, giving pure phosphorus oxydichlorofluoride, b.p. 54° (20 per cent yield). 

Calcination of Antimony, a, the table b, the mirror, which can be raised or lowered c, the stone or the slab, on which is placed the powdered antimony d, the adept adjusting the mirror and moving the antimony e, the light focused by the mirror. 

Antimony Arsenite.—When powdered antimony is digested with a concentrated aqueous solution of arsenic acid, and the solution then diluted with water, a precipitate forms, which was described by Berzelius 6 as antimony arsenite. He obtained a similar product by heating a mixture of arsenic and antimony pentoxide it remained as a transparent vitreous mass. The exact composition of these products does not appear to have been investigated. 

Lampblack stars burn with a rather dull soft light. Discharged in large number from a rocket or aerial shell, they produce the beautiful willow-tree effect. They are made, according to Allen F. Clark, by incorporating 3 pounds of lampblack, 4 pounds of meal powder, and 2 pound of finely powdered antimony sulfide with 2 ounces of shellac dissolved in alcohol. 

Metals. Aluminum, calcium powder, copper foil, iron wire, manganese powder, and potassium ignite in dry chlorine gas as do powdered antimony, bismuth, and germanium. Magnesium, sodium, and zinc ignite in the moist gas. Thorium, tin, and uranium ignite on warming.14 21 22... 

Aluminum or Aluminum Oxide. Forms explosive mixtures.4 Antimony. Mixture with powdered antimony explodes.5... 

Oxidation Products of the Elements of Group V. Treat 0.5 gram each of (a) red phosphorus, (b) powdered arsenic, (c) powdered antimony, and (d) powdered bismuth with... 

Platinum Di-antimonide, PtSb2, is obtained in the form of grey, hexagonal (Christoffle) or octahedral (Roessler) crystals upon igniting a mixture of powdered antimony with platinum sponge.2... 

Supplies When the apparatus is arranged, provide 30 gm. of granulated manganese dioxide, six bottles, a little powdered antimony, a little powdered iron, bundle of fine brass wire, a taper, a strip of calico, paper with writing in black and in red ink, litmus paper, short glass tube drawn out to a fine point, deflagrating spoon, turpentine. 

TOO gm. carbon tetrabromide are placed in a small flask fitted with a reflux condenser and warmed until it is completely melted. Then 90 ml. concentrated sulphuric acid (S.G. 1-83) are allowed to enter very slowly in drops, and the whole heated to 150° to 170° C, At the end of the reaction the mass is distilled, and the distillate, which is brown in colour because of the presence of bromine, is purified by addition of mercury in small portions, shaking and freezing. A further purification is effected by adding powdered antimony in small portions. It is distilled under reduced pressure in an all-glass apparatus with glass-to-glass connections. The product obtained is kept over antimony or silver powder in a sealed vessel. Yield 44%. 

Bromine reacts with powdered antimony so vigorously that the flask vibrates. 

Standard antimony solution 1 mg/ml. The solution may be prepared either from potassium antimonyl tartrate (Section 7.2.1) or in the following manner. Dissolve 0.1000 g of powdered antimony metal in 25 ml of cone. H2SO4. Dilute the cooled solution with water while stirring, cool, and make up to 100 ml in a standard flask. Working solutions are obtained by suitable dilution of the stock solution with 0.5 M H2SO4. 

Cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis and ulceration. Several salts (e.g. tartar emetic potassium antimony tartrate) have been used therapeutically as parasiticides. The dark cosmetic Kohl is finely powdered antimony sulphide. Stibine poisonous gas SbHj, produced by action of acid on antimony residues, such as can occur in storage batteries. Nausea, vomiting, colic, can be fatal. Stibine produces liver damage and jaundice, as does arsine. 

If a piece of paper be moistened with turpentine and plunged into a jar full of dry chlorine gas, it will take fire and bum. A piece of phosphorus does the same thing, igniting more quickly even than in oxygen gas. Dutch metal and powdered antimony will do the same thing. 

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