Manganese powder

Manganese, Powdered (For Use in Ammunition) , JAN-M-476A (Aug 1948) which specifies the following three grades ... 

The same is true for manganese powder heated in a carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide or nitrogen oxide atmosphere. The combustion is extremely violent in these three cases. 

Metals. Aluminum, calcium powder, copper foil, iron wire, manganese powder, and potassium ignite in dry chlorine gas as do powdered antimony, bismuth, and germanium. Magnesium, sodium, and zinc ignite in the moist gas. Thorium, tin, and uranium ignite on warming.14 21 22... 

Fig. 17.42. Reduction of epoxides with electron-transferring agents and 1,4-cyclohexadiene as the H atom donor. The more sterically hindered C-0 bond cleaves in a regioselective fashion, namely the Csec-0- instead of the Cprim-0 bond in the upper example—stoichiometric amounts of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) chloride (CpJiCl) act as electron carrier—or the Ctert-0- instead of the C rin -0 bond in the bottom example, respectively (electron carrier catalytic amounts of Cp2TiCl/stoichiometric amounts of manganese powder).

In the nickel(ll)-catalyzed NHK reaction, the first step is the reduction of Ni " to Ni that inserts into the halogen-carbon bond via an oxidative addition. The organonickel species transmetallates with Cr " to form the organochromium(lll) nucleophile, which then reacts with the carbonyl compound. To make the process environmentally benign, a chromium-catalyzed version was developed where a chlorosilane was used as an additive to silylate the chromium alkoxide species in order to release the metal salt from the product. The released Cr " is reduced to Cr " with manganese powder. 

A catalytic variant of the Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction was recently introduced by Fiirstner [140]. The stoichiometric reaction generally requires at least three equivalents of chromium for the transformation to be complete. The large excess of CrCl2 and the toxicity of the chromium salts precludes the application of this reaction in industrial processes. The reaction developed by Fiirstner employs manganese powder and chlorotrimethylsilane to produce a catalytic cycle illustrated in Fig. 10-8 for the addition of vinyl iodides to aldehydes. The stereo-... 

The following procedures need to be followed to achieve good results i) crushing manganese chips (Aldrich, 99.98%) in a mortar invariably affords a much more reactive metal with respect to the use of commercial manganese powder of the same purity, and ii) immediately before use, trimethylsilyl chloride is purified by elution through a short column packed with basic alumina. 

Manganese powder was never isolated from these runs because of the reactivity of the reduction product with methanol and/or water consequently, data on purity and yield are not available for this system. 

A somewhat different approach to the oxygen candle is described in a technical report, which also includes an extensive bibliography. This candle consists of lithium perchlorate with the addition of manganese powder and lithium peroxide (Formula 202). The yield of... 

Magnesium Carbonate Magnesium Powder Magnesium/Aluminum Powder Manganese, Powdered (for use in ammunition) Manganese Delay Composition (D-16 Powder)... 

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