Potassium Acetate Solution Chlorate

Hydroxylation of olefins. Lloyd et al. have described two active catalyst solutions for hydroxylation of olefins using potassium osmate. One (catalyst A) is prepared using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and acetic acid lo neutralize the potassium osmate solution. In the other (catalyst B) sodium chlorate (1, 10S6-I0S8) is used as oxidant. 

The first dip given to a fusehead is known as the flashing composition and is of particular importance. Originally copper acetylide was used for this purpose, but it has been superseded by more stable materials. Three common compositions are based on lead picrate, lead mononitroresorcinate and a mixture of charcoal and potassium chlorate respectively. These materials are suspended in a solution of nitrocellulose in amyl acetate and amyl alcohol, known as Zapon. One or more dips, with intermediate drying, give a layer of suitable thickness. 

There are several salts that behave in this way at atmospheric temperatures, the more important being ammonium acetate potassium bromate, carbonate, cyanide, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, iodate, and permanganate disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium borate and carbonate.4 In the case of potassium chlorate the points L and S appear to be practically coincident, whilst for the majority of salts the point S lies somewhere to the left of L, namely at S —that is to say, saturation occurs before the limiting concentration is reached. Generally speaking, at the ordinary temperature, concentrated solutions of salts are less corrosive than distilled water—that is, the point S lies below the level of A, exceptions being 5 ammonium sulphate, aluminium... 

A solution of hypochlorite is stable in an excess of alkali, whereas in acid there is a slow conversion to chlorate. The minimum stability of hypochlorite solutions is at pH 6.7 (6.68 and 7-7.13 have also been reported - ) and the maximum stability is at pH 13. There is also a region of high stability in strong acid, where the solute is predominantly composed of chlorine and only very little hypochlorous acid. The rate of decomposition at pH 6.7-7.2 is proportional to the chloride concentration and to the square of the hypochlorite concentration. In slightly alkaline solution the rate is proportional to [0C1-][H0C1]. The catalytic effect of chloride ion is well known buffers " such as acetate, borate and carbonate also have an effect. It has been recommended that the concentration of phosphate buffers be kept below 0.25 M to prevent decomposition of hypochlorite solutions. The catalytic effect of heavy metals, especially copper and iron, has been noted. The effect of various cations is shown in the greater stability of lithium hypochlorite in comparison with the sodium and potassium salts. ... 

Under mild conditions neither ketoses nor aldoses are attacked by chloric acid or by chlorates. Jeanes and Isbell used 0.15 M potassium chlorate in water and in acid solutions (0.56 M with acetic and phosphoric... 

AMMONIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7783-28-0) Contact with air slowly forms anhydrous ammonia. Contact with caustics forms anhydrous ammonia gas. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, potassium chlorate, strong bases. Reacts with antimony(V) pentafluoride, lead diacetate, magnesimn, silver nitrate, zinc acetate. AMMONIUM DISULFATO-NICKELATE (II) (15699-18-0) NiS04(NH4)2S04 jHj0 A weak oxidizer. Aqueous solution is acidic. Reacts violently with carbon dust, potassium, finely divided... 

AMMONIUM SULPHATE (7783-20-2) H8N2O4S Noncombustible solid. Aqueous solution is a strong acid. Violent reaction with fused potassium chlorate potassium nitrite. Reacts with caustics, forming ammonia. Hot material reacts with nitrates, nitrites, chlorates. Incompatible with strong oxidizers sulfuric acid aliphatic amines alkanolamines, amides, organic anhydrides isocyanates, vinyl acetate aUcylene oxides epichlorohydrin. Mixture with sodium hypochlorite forms nitrogen trichloride, an unstable explosive material. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. 

COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE (7758-98-7) Violent reaction with strong bases, hydroxylamine, magnesium. Contact with potassium chlorate is potentially explosive. Incompatible with acetylene. Aqueous solution is an acid incompatible with sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, amides, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate. 

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